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2021, Number 4

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Rev Educ Bioquimica 2021; 40 (4)

Eucariogénesis y el origen del núcleo de las células eucarióticas

Castro-Muñozledo F

Language: Spanish
References: 48
Page: 204-213
PDF size: 595.57 Kb.


ABSTRACT

While endosymbiosis is the most accepted mechanism to explain the appearance of eukaryotic cells, the origin of the cell nucleus has been more complicated to clarify due to its unique structural characteristics. Currently, prevailing hypotheses suggest that the nuclear membrane originated: I) by plasma membrane invagination of an ancestral prokaryote, II) by endosymbiosis between archaeobacteria and an eubacterial host, or III) by the formation of a new membrane system, subsequent to the origin of mitochondria. However, such mechanisms do not explain neither the appearance of the nuclear skeleton, the complexes that constitute the pore, nor the modifications of the chromosomal structure or the origin of mitosis. Here, we present the different arguments that led to elaborate the endosymbiotic theory and the hypotheses proposed on the origin of the eukaryotic nucleus. Emphasis is placed on new data and circumstantial evidence which suggests that giant viruses, such as those belonging to the Medusavirus genus, may have been involved in the formation of the eukaryotic nucleus. Future analyses should explain the mechanisms underlying the horizontal transfer of genetic information between endosymbionts to understand how some of the genes encoding mitochondrial or plastid proteins were transferred to the genetic material found in the nucleus of the eukaryotic cells. Since viral evolution could be independent and subsequent to the appearance of eukaryotic cells, the lines of research should carefully examine the existing alternatives.


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