medigraphic.com
ISSN 1729-519X (Print)

2020, Number S1

<< Back Next >>

Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas 2020; 19 (S1)

COVID-19 and its relationship with vulnerable populations

Aquino-Canchari CR, Quispe-Arrieta RC, Huaman CKM

Language: Spanish
References: 73
Page: 1-18
PDF size: 952.95 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: Currently, it is worth reflecting on who is most vulnerable to pandemics. Although it is true that COVID-19 has the potential to impact everyone in society, it will be greater in vulnerable populations.
Objective: To describe the relationship of COVID-19 in vulnerable populations.
Material and Method: A bibliographic review was made from a total of 84 bibliographic references. Scientific articles in electronic format in English and Spanish were used; they were available from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Medline, SciELO, and the Google Scholar search engine. Websites of the Ministries of Health, WHO, PAHO, INFOMED and national and international web pages were also explored. The quality, reliability and validity of the selected articles were analyzed to carry out an adequate review.
Development: In the different vulnerable groups analyzed, the increased risk of contagion and the development of severe stages due to SARS-CoV-2 infection was evidenced. There is still no consensus regarding the management and treatment of COVID-19 in older adults, people with comorbidity and immunosuppressed.
Conclusions: Vulnerable populations will be more affected by this pandemic; it is essential to develop equitable and egalitarian health policies in these groups.


REFERENCES

  1. Ahn DG, Shin HJ, Kim MH, Lee S, Kim HS, Myoung J, et al. Current Status of Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Therapeutics, and Vaccines for Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Microbiol Biotechnol [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 15/04/2020];30(3):313-24. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32238757

  2. Singhal T. A Review of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Indian J Pediatr [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 15/04/2020];87(4):281-6. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32166607

  3. Chung RV, Dong D, Li MM. Socioeconomic gradient in health and the covid-19 outbreak. BMJ [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 15/04/2020];369:1329. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32238351

  4. Brennan VM. Vulnerability. J Health Care Poor Underserved [Internet]. 2017 [Citado 15/04/2020];28(3):8-12. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28804061

  5. Instituto de Estadísticas de Puerto Rico. Coronavirus COVID-19 Global Cases Map by Johns Hopkins Center for Systems Science and Engineering [Internet]. Puerto Rico: Estadisticas.PR; 2020 [Citado 23/04/2020]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://gisanddata.maps.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6

  6. Servicio Vasco de Salud. ¿Cómo afecta la pandemia del COVID-19 a los colectivos más vulnerables? [Internet]. España: Servicio Vasco de Salud; 2020 [Citado 16/04/2020]. Disponible en Disponible en http://www.osakidetza.euskadi.eus/noticia/2020/como-afecta-la-pandemia-del-covid-19-a-los-colectivos-mas-vulnerables/ab84-oskcon/es/

  7. Rabaan AA, Al-Ahmed SH, Haque S, Sah R, Tiwari R, Malik YS, et al. SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-COV: A comparative overview. Infez Med [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 15/04/2020];28(2):174-84. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32275259

  8. Gao Y, Yan T, Huang Y, Liu F, Zhao Y, Cao L, et al. Structure of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase from COVID-19 virus. Science [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 16/04/2020];368(6488):[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32277040

  9. Roussel Y, Giraud-Gatineau A, Jimeno MT, Rolain JM, Zandotti C, et al. SARS-CoV-2: fear versus data. Int J Antimicrob Agents [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 16/04/2020];55(3):[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32201354

  10. Xia W, Shao J, Guo Y, Peng X, Li Z, Hu D. Clinical and CT features in pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection: Different points from adults. Pediatr Pulmonol [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 16/04/2020];55(5):1169-74. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32134205

  11. Lake MA. What we know so far: COVID-19 current clinical knowledge and research. Clin Med [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 16/04/2020];20(2):124-7. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32139372

  12. Gu J, Han B, Wang J. COVID-19: Gastrointestinal Manifestations and Potential Fecal-Oral Transmission. Gastroenterology [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 17/04/2020];132(7):[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32142785

  13. Russell B, Moss C, Rigg A, Hopkins C, Papa S,Van Hemelrijck M. Anosmia and ageusia are emerging as symptoms in patients with COVID-19: What does the current evidence say? Ecancermedicalscience [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 17/04/2020];14:ed98. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32269598

  14. Li Y, Xia L. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Role of Chest CT in Diagnosis and Management. Am J Roentgenol [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 17/04/2020]215:1-7. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32130038

  15. World Health Organization. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) situation report-50 [Internet]. Ginebra: World Health Organization; 2020 [Citado 17/04/2020]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200310-sitrep-50-covid-19.pdf

  16. Kirkwood TB. A systematic look at an old problem. Nature [Internet]. 2008 [Citado 17/04/2020];451(7179):644-7. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.nature.com/articles/451644a

  17. Organización Mundial de la Salud. COVID-19 Comunicado Técnico Diario [Internet]. Ginebra: Organización Mundial de la Salud; 2020 [Citado 17/04/2020]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.gob.mx/cms/uploads/attachment/file/546230/CP_Salud_CTD_coronavirus_COVID-19__10abr20.pdf

  18. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [Internet] Ginebra: Organización Mundial de la Salud ; 2020 [Citado 17/04/2020]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019

  19. World health Organization. Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) [Internet]. Ginebra: World Health Organization; 2020 [Citado 18/04/2020]. Disponible en:Disponible en:http://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/who-china-joint-mission-on-covid-19-final-report.pdf

  20. The Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Emergency Response Epidemiology Team. Vital Surveillances: The Epidemiological Characteristics of an Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19). China CDC Wkly [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 18/04/2020];2(4):[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en:Disponible en:https://weekly.chinacdc.cn/en/article/id/e53946e2-c6c4-41e9-9a9b-fea8db1a8f51

  21. Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Korean Society of Epidemiology, Korean Society for Antimicrobial Therapy, Korean Society for Healthcare-associated Infection Control and Prevention, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Report on the Epidemiological Features of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in the Republic of Korea from January 19 to March 2, 2020. J Korean Med Sci [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 17/04/2020];35(10):e112. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7073313/pdf/jkms-35-e112.pdf

  22. Yan Y, Li W, Zhang Q, Zhang L, Cheung T, Cheung T, Xiang YT. Mental health services for older adults in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 17/04/2020];7(4):e19. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2215-0366(20)30079-1

  23. Katz MJ, Roghmann MC. Healthcare-associated infections in the elderly: what's new. Curr Opin Infect Dis [Internet]. 2016 [Citado 17/04/2020];29(4):388-93. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27306562

  24. Michener A, Heath B, Crnich CJ, Moehring R, Schmader K, Mody L,et al. Infections in Older Adults: A Case-Based Discussion Series Emphasizing Antibiotic Stewardship. MedEdPORTAL [Internet]. 2018 [Citado 17/04/2020];14:10754. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30800954

  25. Kuwahara K, Kuroda A, Fukuda Y. COVID-19: Active measures to support community-dwelling older adults. Travel Med Infect Dis [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 17/04/2020];33:[aprox. 4 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/travel-medicine-and-infectious-disease

  26. Nikolich-Zugich J, Knox KS, Rios CT, Natt B, Bhattacharya D, Fain MJ. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immuneresponses, and outcomes. Geroscience [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 19/04/2020];42:[aprox. 6 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11357-020-00186-0

  27. Cao B, Wang Y, Wen D, Liu W, Wang J, Fan G, et al. A Trial of Lopinavir-Ritonavir in Adults Hospitalized with Severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 19/04/2020];382(8):727-33. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2001282

  28. Applegate WB, Ouslander JG. COVID-19 Presents High Risk to Older Persons. J Am Geriatr Soc [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 19/04/2020];68(4):681. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32154911

  29. Lloyd-Sherlock P, Ebrahim S, Geffen L, McKee M. Bearing the brunt of covid-19: older people in low and middle income countries. BMJ [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 19/04/2020];368:1052. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32169830

  30. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Sobrepeso y Obesidad [Internet]. Ginebra: OMS; 2020 [Citado 19/04/2020] .Disponible en: Disponible en: https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight

  31. Ryan DH, Ravussin E, Heymsfield S. COVID 19 and the Patient with Obesity. Obesity [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 19/04/2020];28(5):847. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32237212

  32. Peng YD, Meng K, Guan HQ. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of 112 cardiovascular disease patients infected by 2019-nCoV. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 20/04/2020];48:[aprox. 4 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32120458

  33. Liu M, He P, Liu HG, Wang XJ, Li FJ, Chen S, et al. Clinical characteristics of 30 medical workers infected with new coronavirus pneumonia. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 20/04/2020];43:[aprox. 3 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32062957

  34. Morrow Howell N, Galucia N, Swinford E. Recovering from the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Focus on Older Adults. J Aging Soc Policy [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 20/04/2020];26:1-9. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32336225

  35. Zheng KI, Gao F, Wang XB, Sun QF, Pan KH, Wang TY. Obesity as a risk factor for greater severity of COVID-19 in patients with metabolic associated fatty liver disease. Metabolism [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 21/04/2020];18:[aprox. 1 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32320741

  36. Thompson DL, Jungk J, Hancock E, Smelser C, Landen M, Nichols M, et al. Risk factors for 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1)-related hospitalization and death among racial/ethnic groups in New Mexico. Am J Public Health [Internet]. 2011 [Citado 20/04/2020];101:1776-84. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21778495

  37. Kassir R. Risk of COVID-19 for patients with obesity. Obes Rev [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 21/04/2020];21(1):[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32281287

  38. Watanabe M, Risi R, Tuccinardi D, Baquero CJ, Manfrini S, Gnessi L. Obesity and SARS-CoV-2: a population to safeguard. Diabetes Metab Res Rev [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 21/04/2020];36(2):[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32314503

  39. Puig-Domingo M, Marazuela M, Giustina A. COVID-19 and endocrine diseases. A statement from the European Society of Endocrinology. Endocrine [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 21/04/2020];68(1):2-5. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32279224

  40. Sattar N, McInnes IB, McMurray JV. Obesity a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19 Infection: Multiple Potential Mechanisms. Circulation [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 22/04/2020];141:[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32320270

  41. Malavazos AE, Corsi Romanelli MM, Bandera F, Iacobellis G. Targeting the Adipose Tissue in COVID-19. Obesity [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 22/04/2020];28(5):[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32314871

  42. Kulcsar KA, Coleman CM, Beck SE, Frieman MB. Comorbid diabetes results in immune dysregulation and enhanced disease severity following MERS‐CoV infection. JCI Insight [Internet]. 2019 [Citado 22/04/2020];4:[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6824443/

  43. Bloomgarden ZT. Diabetes and COVID-19. J Diabetes [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 22/04/2020];12(4):347-8. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32162476

  44. Muniyappa R, Gubbi S. COVID-19 pandemic, coronaviruses, and diabetes mellitus. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 23/04/2020]; 318(5):736-41. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32228322

  45. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 23/04/2020];395: 507-13. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0140-6736(20)30211-7

  46. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 23/04/2020];323(7):[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/10.1001/jama.2020.1585

  47. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX,et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020. [Citado 23/04/2020];382(8):[aprox. 6 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32109013

  48. Wu H, Lau ESH, Ma RCW, Kong APS, Wild SH, Goggins W. Secular trends in all-cause and cause-specific mortality rates in people with diabetes in Hong Kong, 2001-2016: a retrospective cohort study. Diabetología [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 23/04/2020];63(4):757-66. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31942668

  49. Maddaloni E, Buzzetti R. Covid-19 and diabetes mellitus: unveiling the interaction of two pandemics. Diabetes Metab Res Rev [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 23/04/2020];36(2):[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32233018

  50. Gupta R, Ghosh A, Singh AK, Misra A. Clinical considerations for patients with diabetes in times of COVID-19 epidemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 24/04/2020];14(3):211-2. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32172175

  51. Al-Shamsi HO, Alhazzani W, Alhuraiji A, Coomes EA, Chemaly RF, Almuhanna M. A Practical Approach to the Management of Cancer Patients During the Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An International Collaborative Group. Oncologist [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 23/04/2020];35(2):[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32243668

  52. Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. The epidemiological characteristics of an outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus diseases (COVID-19) in China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 24/04/2020];41(2):145-51. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32064853

  53. Liang W, Guan W, Chen R, Wang W, Li J, Xu K. Cancer patients in SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide analysis in China. Lancet Oncol [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 24/04/2020];21(3):335-7. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32066541

  54. Zhang L, Zhu F, Xie L, Wang C, Wang J, Chen R. et al. Clinical characteristics of COVID-19-infected cancer patients: a retrospective case study in three hospitals within Wuhan, China. Ann Oncol [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 24/04/2020];7534(20):[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en. Disponible en. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32224151

  55. Tian S, Hu W, Niu L, Liu H, Xu H, Xiao SY. Pulmonary Pathology of Early-Phase 2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pneumonia in Two Patients With Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 24/04/2020];15(5):700-4. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32114094

  56. Xu Y, Liu H, Hu K, Wang M. Clinical Management of Lung Cancer Patients during the Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi [Internet].2020 [Citado 24/04/2020];23(3):136-41. Disponible en. Disponible en. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32077441

  57. Al-Shamsi HO, Alhazzani W, Alhuraiji A, Coomes EA, Chemaly RF, Almuhanna M, et al. A practical approach to the management of cancer patients during the Novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: An International Collaborative Group. Oncologist [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 24/04/2020]25:[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32243668

  58. Besse R, Ventura S, Romero LI, Martínez L, Minier L. Aspectos clínicos y epidemiológicos en pacientes con síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba. Medisan [Internet]. 2018 [Citado 24/04/2020];22(3):264-73. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1029-30192018000300007

  59. ONUSIDA. 90-90-90. Un ambicioso objetivo de tratamiento para contribuir al fin de la epidemia de SIDA [Internet]. Ginebra: ONUSIDA; 2014 [Citado 24/04/2020]. Disponible en: Disponible en: https://www.unaids.org/es/resources/documents/2014/90-90-90

  60. Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B. A Novel Coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019. N Engl J Med [Internet]. 2020[Citado 25/04/2020];382(8):727-33. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2001017

  61. Guo W, Fang zhao M, Dong Y, Qian Z, Xiaoxia Z, Pingzheng M, et al. A Survey for COVID-19 Among HIV/AIDS Patients in Two Districts of Wuhan, China [Internet]. China: National Science Foundation of China; 2020 [Citado 25/04/2020]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3550029

  62. Grupo de trabajo sobre tratamientos del VIH (gTt-VIH), ONG de desarrollo. El coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 es un nuevo tipo de coronavirus que puede afectar a las personas y causar la enfermedad conocida como COVID-19 [Internet]. Barcelona: ASSOCIACIÓN BIENESTAR Y DESARROLLO; 2020 [Citado 25/03/2020]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.mscbs.gob.es/ciudadanos/enfLesiones/enfTransmisibles/sida/docs/Infovhital_COVID_2020.pdf

  63. Castro R, Oliveira S, Pereira L, Santos W, Fontes S, Silva R, et al. Construct Validation: Coping with HIV/AIDS in Primary Health Care. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 25/03/2020];72(5):1173-81. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2018-0734

  64. 64 . Organización Mundial de la Salud. Enfermedad por Coronavirus (COVID-19) and HIV: Asuntos y Acciones claves-OPS/OMS [Internet]. Ginebra: Organización Mundial de la Salud; 2020 [Citado 25/04/2020]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.paho.org/es/documentos/enfermedad-por-coronavirus-covid-19-and-hiv-asuntos-acciones-claves

  65. Gambasica J, Moreno L, Bayuelo E, Chavarro G, Escorcia F, Arenas N, et al. Enfoque y manejo clínico de pacientes con enfermedad por SARS COV2 (COVID-19) en unidad de cuidado intensivo. Rev Med Sanitas [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 26/04/2020];20(23):14-33. . Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.26852/01234250.52

  66. Soriano V, Barreiro P. Impact of New Coronavirus Epidemics on HIV-Infected Patients. AIDS Reviews [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 26/04/2020];22(1):57-8. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32167508

  67. Martínez MA. Compounds with Therapeutic Potential against Novel Respiratory 2019 Coronavirus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 26/04/2020];64(5):[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.00399-20

  68. Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province, Health Commission of Guangdong Province. Expert consensus on chloroquine phosphate for the treatment of novel coronavirus pneumonia. Chinese Journal of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 26/04/2020];43(3):185-8. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2020.03.009

  69. Egea García C, Sarabia Sánchez A. Clasificaciones de la OMS sobre discapacidad (SID). Boletín del Real Patronato sobre Discapacidad [Internet]. 2001 [Citado 26/04/2020];50:15-30. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://sid.usal.es/articulos/discapacidad/6594/8-2-6/clasificaciones-de-la-oms-sobre-discapacidad.aspx

  70. Decreto N 457. Instrucciones en virtud de la emergencia sanitaria generada por la pandemia del coronavirus COVID-19 [Internet]. Bogotá: Ministerio del Interior; 2020 [Citado 26/04/2020]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://bibliotecadigital.ccb.org.co/bitstream/handle/11520/24830/DECRETO%20457%20DEL%2022%20DE%20MARZO%20DE%202020.pdf?sequence=1

  71. Armitage R, Nellums LB. The COVID-19 response must be disability inclusive. Lancet Public Health [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 26/04/2020];5(5):[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32224295

  72. Simon A, Völz S, Fleischhack G, Tillman R, Müller A, Bode U, et al. Human Coronavirus OC43 Pneumonia in a Pediatric Cancer Patient With Down syndrome and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology [Internet]. 2007 [Citado 26/04/2020];29(6):432-4. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://doi.org/10.1097/MPH.0b013e31806451c1

  73. Morales M. Coronavirus y discapacidad - Una población muy vulnerable. Acta odontológica Venezolana [Internet]. 2020 [Citado 26/04/2020];58:[aprox. 2 p.]. Disponible en: Disponible en: http://www.actaodontologica.com/ediciones/2020/especial/art-5/




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com