2020, Número 6
Fracturas diafisarias del tercio distal de la tibia
Alvarez-López A, Fuentes-Véjar R, Soto-Carrasco SR
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 37
Paginas: 910-918
Archivo PDF: 434.22 Kb.
RESUMEN
Fundamento:
las fracturas diafisarias de la tibia son frecuentes, afectan a pacientes por lo general jóvenes. Las del tercio distal de la tibia tienen peculiaridades debido a su localización anatómica y vascularización.
Objetivo:
actualizar los elementos más distintivos de las fracturas diafisarias del tercio distal de la tibia y el enfrentamiento terapéutico.
Métodos:
la búsqueda y análisis de la información se realizó en un periodo de cuatro meses (primero de abril de 2019 al 30 de junio de 2019), se emplearon las siguientes palabras claves: distal third tibial fracture, fractures of the distal tibia, diaphyseal tibial fractures. A partir de la información obtenida se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de un total de 563 artículos publicados en las bases de datos PubMed, Hinari, SciELO y Medline mediante el gestor de búsqueda y administrador de referencias EndNote, de ellos se utilizaron 37 citas seleccionadas para realizar la revisión, 33 de los últimos cinco años, además se consultaron 11 libros.
Resultados:
se mencionan los bordes anatómicos del tercio distal de la tibia. Se describen los métodos de tratamiento tanto conservador como quirúrgico con especial énfasis en la fijación intramedular y técnica de colocación. Se hace referencia a otros métodos de fijación como la fijación externa, placas y tornillos con indicaciones específicas. Para concluir se aborda el retardo de la consolidación y pseudoartrosis mediante el uso de la proteína ósea morfogenética.
Conclusiones:
las fracturas del tercio distal de la tibia necesitan de la pericia del personal médico tratante para disminuir complicaciones relacionadas con las características anatómicas de la zona y biomecánica del trauma.
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