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2001, Número 5

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Rev Mex Pediatr 2001; 68 (5)


Aspectos microbiológicos y epidemiológicos para el uso racional de antibióticos en niños con gastroenteritis bacteriana aguda

Coria LJJ, Villalpando CS, Gómez BD, Treviño MA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 91
Paginas: 200-215
Archivo PDF: 126.40 Kb.


RESUMEN

La diarrea aguda es una de las principales causas de enfermedad especialmente durante la edad pediátrica. La mayoría de los casos tiende a ser autolimitada, y por otro lado el agente bacteriano causante tiene un aislamiento relativamente bajo. Sin embargo en hospitales donde se cuenta con un laboratorio de excelencia la etiología bacteriana en los casos severos de gastroenteritis, frecuentemente puede ser diagnosticada. El aislamiento de algún patógeno usualmente se realiza mediante el cultivo del organismo en una muestra de heces. Algunas bacterias como Shigella requieren que dicha muestra deba ser fresca o reciente. Algunos autores sugieren que realizar dos o más cultivos de muestras de heces antes de iniciar algún manejo antimicrobiano incrementa el porcentaje de aislamiento para algún patógeno bacteriano. En los casos que se trate de un cuadro severo, el tratamiento antimicrobiano está indicado, y éste debe contemplar algunos lineamientos ya bien establecidos, como por ejemplo, que el antimicrobiano alcance altas concentraciones en el lumen intestinal. El presente artículo hace una revisión de los aspectos microbiológicos, epidemiológicos, cuadro clínico, diagnóstico y tratamiento antimicrobiano de la diarrea bacteriana aguda en pediatría.


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