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Órgano Oficial del Colegio Mexicano de Ortopedia y Traumatología

2020, Número 5

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Acta Ortop Mex 2020; 34 (5)


Importancia de la genética en la osteoartrosis

Arellano-Pérez-Vertti RD, Aguilar-Muñiz LS, González-Galarza FF, Prieto-Honojosa AI, Argüello-Astorga R

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 55
Paginas: 329-335
Archivo PDF: 321.31 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: El estudio de nuestro genoma ha jugado un papel importante en el campo de la medicina personalizada y la práctica clínica, lo que la convierte en una herramienta útil para ayudar a la comunidad médica en el diagnóstico y tratamiento temprano de innumerables enfermedades. La osteoartrosis (OA) es una enfermedad articular degenerativa crónica compleja; a pesar de su alta prevalencia y gran impacto en la salud pública, actualmente se sabe poco sobre su etiología y riesgo de progresión. El objeto de la presente revisión es mostrar los avances de la genética en el estudio de la osteoartrosis. Métodos: Revisión de la literatura sobre los diferentes aspectos en donde la genética se ha desarrollado en el estudio de la osteoartrosis, sus alcances y sus posibles repercusiones en la prevención y tratamiento. Conclusión: La identificación de un elevado número de genes candidatos nos confirma la compleja naturaleza de la enfermedad, parece claro que el grado de expresión de diferentes genes está alterado entre un paciente artrósico y uno sano. Una comprensión más profunda del vínculo entre la secuencia de todo el genoma y la asociación con fenotipos bien caracterizados de la OA, permitirá el desarrollo de biomarcadores, informar el riesgo de progresión de la enfermedad y permitir una mejor orientación de los tratamientos.


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