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2020, Número 6

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Salud Mental 2020; 43 (6)


Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of delirium in older adults with COVID-19. Literature review

Aguilar-Navarro SG, Duarte-Flores JO, Granados-Valdéz MC, Suing-Ortega MJ, Mimenza-Alvarado AJ

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 48
Paginas: 319-327
Archivo PDF: 221.46 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes. La COVID-19 afecta múltiples sistemas del organismo. Uno de ellos es el sistema nervioso central (SNC), cuya afección se manifiesta con cefalea, hiposmia, enfermedad vascular cerebral y neuropatía. Además de que los adultos mayores (AM) son vulnerables a esta infección, pueden presentar delirium, el cual puede ser resultado de una afección directa del virus al SNC o resultado de la inflamación sistémica durante la infección. Objetivo. Conocer las características clínicas, factores de riesgo, fisiopatología, medidas de tratamiento y prevención del delirium asociados a COVID-19 a partir de la revisión de la literatura en tiempos de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Método. Se realizó una búsqueda en PubMed, SciELO, UpTo- Date y Medscape utilizando palabras clave en inglés y español. Resultados. Se revisaron 72 artículos, se analizaron criterios de inclusión y exclusión y se seleccionaron 43 artículos con información relevante para la descripción narrativa de la revisión. El 20-30% de los pacientes con COVID-19 presentarán o desarrollarán delirium, o cambios en su estado mental durante el curso de su hospitalización, con tasas del 60-70% en enfermedad grave. Es probable que los mecanismos exactos sean multifactoriales. Existe una preocupante falta de atención a las implicaciones de la identificación y el manejo del delirium en la respuesta a esta pandemia. Discusión y conclusión. El delirium es una manifestación neurológica frecuente en los AM con COVID-19 y requiere su identificación temprana, así como la implementación de estrategias de tratamiento no farmacológico y farmacológico, lo que puede disminuir la morbimortalidad asociada en este grupo etario.


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