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2019, Número 1

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Cuba y Salud 2019; 14 (1)


La contribución del estrés oxidativo en los procesos de aprendizaje y memoria

González FME

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 47
Paginas: 82-90
Archivo PDF: 475.49 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivos: profundizar en los aspectos más recientes de la vinculación existente entre el metabolismo oxidativo y el deterioro cognitivo presente en los procesos neurodegenerativos.
Desarrollo: la Enfermedad de Alzheimer constituye la causa de discapacidad de mayor impacto social y económico en el mundo desarrollado, por tal motivo, existe un creciente interés en el estudio de estos procesos asociados a la edad avanzada. El daño oxidativo a los principales componentes celulares resulta irreversible y se acumula con el tiempo, estableciendo la base molecular de la fisiopatología del envejecimiento cerebral. Entre los elementos involucrados en la formación y conservación de la memoria incluyen la actividad de receptores, las enzimas, los factores de transcripción y los canales iónicos que son sensibles a los cambios en el estado redox del medio intracelular y afectan los mecanismos de plasticidad sináptica que constituye el modelo celular que subyace en el aprendizaje y la memoria.
Conclusiones: esta revisión aporta una mayor comprensión de los procesos moleculares vinculados con la pérdida del homeostasis oxidante que conducen a la muerte celular y con ello a la disfunción cognitiva en el envejecimiento natural y las patologías del sistema nervioso asociadas a éste.


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