Blanco GMA, Arencibia LS, Abdo CA, Aroche AR, Quevedo BY, Machado MRE, Vázquez CF, Castellanos GA, González GD

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 37
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Archivo PDF: 392.34 Kb.

RESUMEN

La COVID -19 ha recibido el calificativo de ser la peor pandemia de este siglo y ante la ausencia de un tratamiento específico la comunidad médica internacional ha tenido que implementar varias opciones terapéuticas, (medicamentos como el lopinavir/ritonavir, azitromicina, cloroquina, hidroxicloroquina, interferones entre otros). Muchos de estos fármacos son causa conocida de prolongación del intervalo QT y a su vez de arritmias ventriculares. Del presente artículo fue recopilar la evidencia disponible para brindar recomendaciones para prevenir o mitigar el riesgo de prolongación del intervalo QT y arritmias ventriculares secundarias al tratamiento de la COVID- 19. Se realizó una búsqueda de información en páginas web de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, las Sociedades Europea e Interamericana de Cardiología, el Colegio Americano de Cardiología, Infomed, y en bases de datos como Scielo, PubMed Central, Redalyc, Medline, Medscape en el periodo comprendido de enero del 2020 a mayo del 2020. Después de un análisis para incluir y excluir trabajos de investigación se encontraron un total de 170 artículos relevantes.. Los esquemas de tratamiento utilizados para la COVID -19 son causa de prolongación del intervalo QT y a su vez de arritmias ventriculares. Siempre debe estimarse el riesgo/beneficio del tratamiento y lo más importante es individualizar el mismo. Motivo por el cual se propone utilizar la puntuación de Tisdale, realizar ECG diario con medición del intervalo QT y calcular el QTc, suspender otros medicamentos que prolonguen el QT, mantener un control de los electrólitos (potasio, magnesio y calcio) en rango de la normalidad, reducir al 50 porciento la dosis de cloroquina en pacientes con IRC estadio 5. De esta manera se logrará disminuir la mortalidad cardiovascular por arritmias ventriculares inducidas por los fármacos utilizados para el tratamiento de la COVID-19 Palabras.

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