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2006, Número 3

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Bioquimia 2006; 31 (3)


Las plantas como fuente de compuestos antineoplásicos. Revisión

Vega-Avila E, Velasco-Lezama R, Jiménez-Estrada M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 74
Paginas: 97-111
Archivo PDF: 174.76 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los compuestos anticancerosos obtenidos de plantas se han descubierto por serendipia (vincristina y vinblastina), al azar (camptotecina), o mediante estudios sistemáticos (taxol). Algunos de estos compuestos también se han aislado de plantas empleadas por diversas culturas para el tratamiento de enfermedades con sintomatología cancerosa. En los Estados Unidos de América, los agentes antineoplásicos derivados de plantas que se emplean en la clínica son, en orden cronológico: vinblastina (Velban®), vincristina (Oncovin®), vinolrebina (Navelbine®), vindesina (Eldisine®), etopósido (VP-16®), tenipósido (VM-26®), paclitaxel (Taxol®), docetaxel (Taxotere®), topotecan (Hycamtin®) e irinotecan (Campostar®). En China y Francia emplean la 10-hidroxicamptotecina, homoharringtonina y eliptinium. Existen otras sustancias que se encuentran en estudios clínicos basándose en la selectividad contra un determinado tipo de cáncer y sus mecanismos moleculares de acción, como es el caso del agente antiangiogénico fosfato de combretastatina A4. Además, se ha renovado el interés por sustancias como la bruceantina cuyos estudios clínicos se habían suspendido. En el presente trabajo se enfatiza la importancia de las plantas consideradas como medicinales en la obtención de fármacos anticancerosos.


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