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Federación Mexicana de Ginecología y Obstetricia, A.C.

2020, Número S1

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Ginecol Obstet Mex 2020; 88 (S1)


Cáncer y anticoncepción

Velázquez-Ramírez N

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 29
Paginas: 156-162
Archivo PDF: 193.75 Kb.


RESUMEN

A partir de la introducción de los anticonceptivos orales combinados al mercado, en 1960, más de 300 millones de mujeres han recurrido a ellos. Si bien son un método sumamente eficaz, desde sus inicios las formulaciones con altas dosis de estrógenos se asociaron con efectos adversos graves, principalmente tromboembolismo. A partir de entonces, su seguridad se ha tornado en una de sus características más relevantes; por esto ha tenido gran relevancia y se ha manifestado cierta preocupación del papel de las hormonas en algunos tipos de cáncer y la forma en que podrían contribuir a su evolución y poner en peligro la salud de las mujeres. El cáncer es una enfermedad multifactorial y la anticoncepción hormonal puede incrementar el riesgo en grupos particulares; sin embargo, también tienen ventajas en la reducción de la morbilidad y mortalidad de algunas neoplasias potencialmente agresivas, como el cáncer de ovario. El efecto protector depende del periodo de tratamiento, que incluso permanece después de varios años de haberlos suspendido. El consumo de anticonceptivos orales combinados se asocia con disminución del riesgo de cáncer, principalmente de tipo endometrioide, seroso y limítrofe (20%). Sin importar la dosis de estrógeno prescrita, también se ha observado disminución del riesgo en pacientes con mutaciones del BRCA 1 y 2.


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