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Federación Latinoamericana de Simulación Clínica y Seguridad del Paciente

2020, Número 1

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Simulación Clínica 2020; 2 (1)


Aportes de la simulación al desarrollo del razonamiento clínico en estudiantes de pregrado de medicina

Armijo-Rivera S, Behrens-Pérez C, Reyes-Aramburu EP, Pérez-Villalobos C, Bastías-Vega N

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 45
Paginas: 19-25
Archivo PDF: 483.80 Kb.


RESUMEN

El uso de recursos de simulación en los planes de estudio de las carreras de medicina se ha usado para promover el desarrollo de las aptitudes procesales, la comunicación con los pacientes, la entrega de los pacientes, el razonamiento ético y el trabajo en equipo. El proceso de reunir, integrar y confirmar la información, que constituyen la base del razonamiento clínico necesario para la toma de decisiones médicas, es una de las competencias esenciales para la formación de estos profesionales; sin embargo, sigue presentando dificultades a los creadores de planes de estudios. Aunque muchos reconocen que su enseñanza es predominantemente clínica, otros piensan que aún no se conoce la mejor manera de enseñar el razonamiento clínico. La simulación con pacientes estandarizados, los simuladores virtuales computarizados, la simulación inmersiva y la simulación de alta fidelidad pueden ser útiles desde el principio del programa de estudios, pero deben ir acompañados de retroalimentación o debriefing. Por ello, es necesario desarrollar estudios longitudinales, ya que el razonamiento clínico es una tarea compleja, cuyo desarrollo se establece a lo largo de los planes de estudio; asimismo, es preciso identificar estrategias efectivas que faciliten el debriefing y promuevan el razonamiento clínico o el análisis de los errores cognitivos en la toma de decisiones.


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