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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2020, Número 1

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Med Int Mex 2020; 36 (1)


Trombocitopenia inducida por heparina y sus alternativas de diagnóstico

Martínez-Sánchez LM, Hernández-Martínez A, Roldán-Tabares MD, Herrera-Almanza L, Villegas-Alzate JD, Álvarez-Hernández LF

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 52
Paginas: 59-67
Archivo PDF: 222.78 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes: La trombocitopenia inducida por heparina es una reacción iatrogénica mediada por el sistema inmunitario que afecta a pacientes expuestos a este anticoagulante; en general, el riesgo de padecerla es de 0.2% en los pacientes expuestos a heparina; sin embargo, puede ser incluso de 2 a 5% en pacientes con mayor exposición a factores de riesgo.
Objetivo: Realizar una revisión de la bibliografía de los conceptos más destacados de la trombocitopenia inducida por heparina.
Material y Método: Revisión de la bibliografía por medio de la búsqueda de artículos originales, revisiones sistemáticas y narrativas, en las bases de datos PubMed y ScienceDirect y en el buscador Google Scholar.
Resultados: A partir de 52 artículos seleccionados se realizó la descripción de este texto en el que se desarrollan aspectos relacionados con trombocitopenia inducida por heparina, como fisiopatología, manifestaciones clínicas, con especial insistencia en los métodos diagnósticos.
Conclusión: A pesar de que existen numerosas escalas que estadifican el riesgo de trombocitopenia inducida por heparina, es imprescindible para el clínico partir de un estudio rápido y costo-efectivo que no retrase por ningún motivo el tratamiento de esta enfermedad.


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