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2019, Número 2

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Revista Cubana de Angiología y Cirugía Vascular 2019; 20 (2)


Caracterización de los pacientes con diagnóstico precoz de aneurisma de la aorta abdominal

Acosta AY

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 40
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 226.68 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: la incorporación de la ecografía a los métodos diagnósticos de los aneurismas aórticos abdominales favorece su detección precoz.
Objetivo: Describir las características de los pacientes a quienes se les detectó precozmente un aneurisma aórtico abdominal.
Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en 243 pacientes pertenecientes al área de salud del Hospital Clinicoquirúrgico "General Freyre de Andrade", clasificados como población de riesgo (hombres > 50 años y mujeres > 60 años). El periodo de estudio: noviembre de 2016 a octubre de 2017.
Resultados: Se realizó el diagnóstico de aneurisma aórtico abdominal en 2,1 % (n= 5); en estos pacientes prevaleció el grupo de edad de 70 a79 años (80 %) y el sexo masculino (60 %). Los factores de riesgo predominantes fueron el tabaquismo, la hipertensión arterial y la enfermedad arterial periférica, todos con igual porcentaje (100 %). El segmento aórtico más afectado fue el infrarrenal (100 %), los diámetros aórticos predominantes fueron: transversal (3-3,9 cm), longitudinal (5-10 cm) y antero-posterior (3-3,9 cm). La proteína C reactiva estuvo incrementada (mayor de 5 mg/L) en el 100 % de los casos. La claudicación intermitente fue la más frecuente.
Conclusiones: A pesar de la baja prevalencia porcentual encontrada, destaca en todos los pacientes con aneurisma aórtico abdominal la presencia de factores de riesgo relevantes como es el tabaquismo, la hipertensión arterial y la enfermedad arterial periférica; incremento en la concentración de la proteína C reactiva, afectación en el segmento infrarrenal así como alto porcentaje con edades por encima de 70 años.


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