2019, Número 2
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Revista Cubana de Anestesiología y Reanimación 2019; 18 (2)
Efectividad de la gabapentina en el dolor tras la cirugía abdominal mayor
Moore CÁ, Velázquez GK, Valdés LR, Barrena AO
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 43
Paginas: 1-18
Archivo PDF: 211.10 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción: El dolor posoperatorio en la cirugía de tórax y hemiabdomen superior tiene un fuerte componente neuropático, por ello se le asocia con evolución hacia el dolor crónico. Sobre esta base se aplican los anticonvulsivantes como parte del tratamiento multimodal.
Objetivos: Evaluar la efectividad analgésica y seguridad de la gabapentina en el tratamiento del dolor tras cirugía de tórax y abdomen superior.
Método: Se realizó un estudio causiexperimental, comparativo y prospectivo con los pacientes anunciados para cirugía de abdomen superior y tórax, en el periodo de 2015 a 2017. Se incluyeron 30 pacientes divididos en 2 grupos. El grupo Grupo G: (n=14) recibió tratamiento con gabapentina 100 mg vía oral el día antes de la intervención y cada 12 h en el posoperatorio hasta las 24 h. El Grupo C: (n=16) recibió la analgesia convencional pautada para este tipo de intervención.
Resultados: La muestra fue homogénea para la edad y el sexo. Los niveles de intensidad del dolor fueron menores en el grupo de gabapentina y esta diferencia se hace más significativa a las 24 h de la cirugía. Ello se corresponde con menor necesidad de analgesia de rescate (71 % vs 100 %). Las complicaciones asociadas resultaron más frecuentes en el grupo estudio a expensas de las náuseas, aunque sin diferencias significativas.
Conclusiones: El empleo de gabapentina en el perioperatorio garantiza mejor control del dolor con escasas complicaciones.
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