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2019, Número 3

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Rev Elec Psic Izt 2019; 22 (3)


El cerebro social en el autismo

Gordillo LF, Mestas HL, Pérez NMÁ, Arana MJM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 73
Paginas: 2671-2688
Archivo PDF: 210.89 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) se sitúan en un continuo donde se contemplan diferentes niveles de afectación con alteraciones cognitivas y neuroconductuales comunes. Los conocimientos adquiridos desde el enfoque de las neurociencias y mediante técnicas de neuroimagen podrían aportar mejoras en el diagnóstico y abordaje terapéutico de este grupo de trastornos del desarrollo. La caracterización de los TEA tiene su eje central en los déficits sociales que están presentes en todos los niveles de afectación bajo diferente intensidad, pero con base estructural en el denominado “cerebro social”. Existe cierta confusión en la literatura científica respecto a la dirección de las anormalidades encontradas en el cerebro social del autismo, bien respecto a la morfología (mayor o menor densidad de la sustancia gris) o la conectividad (hipo o hiperactivación), si bien la relación entre la amígdala y la corteza prefrontal ha cobrado en los últimos años relevancia por su importante papel en la regulación los procesos emocionales presentes en la interacción social, relativos a la comprensión de los demás y de uno mismo, y que son deficitarios en personas con autismo.


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