2019, Número 4
<< Anterior Siguiente >>
Med Crit 2019; 33 (4)
El papel de la paradoja de la obesidad y el conteo linfocitario en sepsis
Contreras CAR, Nájera GEA, Bolio RAB, Martínez DBA, Franco GJ, Aguirre SJS
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 25
Paginas: 176-181
Archivo PDF: 171.13 Kb.
RESUMEN
Introducción: La obesidad es un factor protector para mortalidad en la sepsis, a este fenómeno se le conoce como «paradoja de la obesidad». La obesidad es un estado inflamatorio crónico, que incluye mediadores de la inmunidad innata y adaptativa. Un marcador de inmunidad adaptativa es la linfopenia, ésta es relacionada con peor evolución y mayor mortalidad.
Objetivo: Determinar la relación del índice de masa corporal (IMC) con conteo linfocitario y su relación con supervivencia en pacientes sépticos.
Material y métodos: Estudio de cohortes, retrospectivo, en pacientes con sepsis y/o choque séptico mayores de 18 años, sin enfermedades autoinmunes, ni tratamiento inmunosupresor, determinando IMC y linfopenia.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 206 pacientes, 8.7% con peso bajo, 46.6% peso normal, 24.8% con sobrepeso, 19.9% con obesidad. El grupo de mayor mortalidad con linfopenia tuvo los menores valores de IMC 21.37 kg/m
2. El análisis de supervivencia reveló que un IMC ‹ 22.5 kg/m
2 y linfopenia son factores de riesgo independientes para mortalidad.
Conclusiones: La obesidad se relaciona con mayor conteo linfocitario y mayor supervivencia en sepsis y choque séptico, por lo que el IMC y el conteo linfocitario son factores independientes para mortalidad estadísticamente significativos, proponemos la escala APACHE II ajustada con estas variables.
REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)
Eknoyan G. A history of obesity, or how what was good became ugly and then bad. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2006;13(4):421-427.
Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición de Medio Camino 2016. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Secretaría de Salud, 2016.
Patel JJ, Rosenthal MD, Miller KR, Codner P, Kiraly L, Martindale R. The critical care obesity paradox and implications for nutrition support. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2016;18(9):45.
Sakr Y, Elia C, Mascia L, Barberis B, Cardellino S, Livigni S, et al. Being overweight or obese is associated with decreased mortality in critically ill patients: a retrospective analysis of a large regional Italian multicenter cohort. J Crit Care. 2012;27(6):714-721.
Khan SS, Ning H, Wilkins JT, Allen N, Carnethon M, Berry JD, et al. Association of body mass index with lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease and compression of morbidity. JAMA Cardiol. 2018;3(4):280-287.
Sakr Y, Alhussami I, Nanchal R, Wunderink RG, Pellis T, Wittebole X, et al. Being overweight is associated with greater survival in ICU patients: results from the intensive care over nations audit. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(12):2623-2632.
Fleischmann E, Teal N, Dudley J, May W, Bower JD, Salahudeen AK. Influence of excess weight on mortality and hospital stay in 1346 hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int. 1999;55(4):1560-1567.
Nguyen AT, Tsai CL, Hwang LY, Lai D, Markham C, Patel B. Obesity and mortality, length of stay and hospital cost among patients with sepsis: a nationwide in patient retrospective cohort study. PloS One. 2016;11(4):e0154599.
Pepper JD, Sun J, Welsh J, Cui X, Suffredini AF, Eichacker PQ. Increased body mass index and adjusted mortality in ICU patients with sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2016;20(1):181.
Kitahara CM, Flint AJ, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Bernstein L, Brotzman M, MacInnis RJ, et al. Association between class III obesity (BMI of 40-59 kg/m2) and mortality: a pooled analysis of 20 prospective studies. PLoS Med. 2014;11(7):e1001673.
Tremblay A, Bandi V. Impact of body mass index on outcomes following critical care. Chest. 2003;123(4):1202-1207.
Wang S, Liu X, Chen Q, Liu C, Huang C, Fang X. The role of increased body mass index in outcomes of sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Anesthesiol. 2017;17(1):118.
Bornstein SR, Licinio J, Tauchnitz R, Engelmann L, Negrão AB, Gold P, et al. Plasma leptin levels are increased in survivors of acute sepsis: associated loss of diurnal rhythm, in cortisol and leptin secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83(1):280-283.
Siegl D, Annecke T, Johnson BL 3rd, Schlag C, Martignoni A, Huber N, et al. Obesity-induced hyperleptinemia improves survival and immune response in a murine model of sepsis. Anesthesiology. 2014;121(1):98-114.
O’Rourke RW, Lumeng CN. Obesity heats up adipose tissue lymphocytes. Gastroenterology. 2013;145(2):282-285.
Gregor MF, Hotamisligil GS. Inflammatory mechanisms in obesity. Annu Rev Immunol. 2011;29:415-445.
Zorio V, Venet F, Delwarde B, Floccard B, Marcotte G, Textoris J, et al. Assessment of sepsis-induced immunosuppression at ICU discharge and 6 months after ICU discharge. Ann Intensive Care. 2017;7(1):80.
Monserrat J, de Pablo R, Reyes E, Díaz D, Barcenilla H, Zapata MR, et al. Clinical relevance of the severe abnormalities of the T cell compartment in septic shock patients. Crit Care. 2009;13(1):R26.
Drewry AM, Samra N, Skrupky LP, Fuller BM, Compton SM, Hotchkiss RS. Persistent lymphopenia after diagnosis of sepsis predicts mortality. Shock. 2014;42(5):383-391.
Kellum JA, Lameire N, Aspelin P, Barsoum RS, Burdmann EA, Goldstein SL, et al. Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) acute kidney injury work group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney International Supplements. 2012;2(1):1-138.
Afzal S, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Jensen GB, Nordestgaard BG. Change in body mass index associated with lowest mortality in Denmark, 1976-2013. JAMA. 2016;315(18):1989-1996.
Akinnusi ME, Pineda LA, El Solh AA. Effect of obesity on intensive care morbidity and mortality: a meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2008;36(1):151-158.
Oliveros H, Villamor E. Obesity and mortality in critically ill adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2008;16(3):515-521.
Inoue S, Suzuki-Utsunomiya K, Okada Y, Taira T, Iida Y, Miura N, et al. Reduction of immunocompetent T cells followed by prolonged lymphopenia in severe sepsis in the elderly. Crit Care Med. 2013;41(3):810-819.
Sleeman P, Patel NN, Lin H, Walkden GJ, Ray P, Welsh GI, et al. High fat feeding promotes obesity and renal inflammation and protects against post cardiopulmonary bypass acute kidney injury in swine. Crit Care. 2013;17(5):R262.