medigraphic.com
Anales de la Sociedad Mexicana de Oftalmología y Archivos de la Asociación Para Evitar la Ceguera en México

2019, Número 5

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Rev Mex Oftalmol 2019; 93 (5)


Prevalencia de miopía y factores de riesgo asociados en estudiantes de medicina en Monterrey

Cavazos-Salias CG, Montemayor-Saldaña N, Salum-Rodríguez L, Villarreal-Del Moral JE, Garza-Leon M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 59
Paginas: 246-253
Archivo PDF: 267.00 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes y objetivo: La miopía se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública, por lo que es importante conocer su prevalencia en diferentes grupos poblacionales, los estudiantes de medicina son considerados un grupo de riesgo. Nuestro objetivo fue conocer la prevalencia de miopía en los estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad de Monterrey, así como estudiar los factores de riesgo asociados. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo, transversal y observacional, realizado entre octubre y diciembre de 2016. Se evaluaron 300 estudiantes de medicina. La presencia de error refractivo se evaluó mediante un autoquerato refractómetro, y la presencia de factores de riesgo conocidos de miopía se analizó mediante un cuestionario. Resultados: 189 alumnos (68.7%) tuvieron miopía en algún ojo y 149 (54.2%), en ambos ojos. De los factores estudiados, solo en dos hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa: los pacientes con miopía tuvieron mayor edad que los que no la presentaron (21.60 ± 2.27 vs. 20.77 ± 2.61, respectivamente), con una p = 0.01, además del antecedente de todos los hermanos usuarios de lentes (29.1 vs. 17.4%, respectivamente), con una p = 0.04. Las horas de lectura, el uso de computadora, el tiempo de ejercicio, el sobrepeso/obesidad, el tener padres o algún hermano que utilizan lentes fueron similares en ambos grupos. Conclusiones: En este grupo de alumnos de medicina, la prevalencia de miopía basada en una refracción sin ciploplegia es más alta que en otros grupos étnicos del continente americano, y los únicos factores de riesgo asociados fueron la edad y el que todos los hermanos utilicen lentes.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Guo L, Yang J, Mai J, Du X, Guo Y, Li P, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of myopia among primary and middle school-aged students: a school-based study in Guangzhou. Eye (Lond.). 2016;30(6):796-804.

  2. Lee YY, Lo CT, Sheu SJ, Yin LT. Risk factors for and progression of myopia in young Taiwanese men. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2015;22(1):66‑73.

  3. Williams KM, Bertelsen G, Cumberland P, Wolfram C, Verhoeven VJ, Anastasopoulos E, et al. Increasing Prevalence of Myopia in Europe and the Impact of Education. Ophthalmology. 2015;122(7):1489-97.

  4. Lin LL, Shih YF, Lee YC, Hung PT, Hou PK. Changes in ocular refraction and its components among medical students--a 5-year longitudinal study. Optom Vis Sci. 1996;73(7):495-8.

  5. Guggenheim JA, McMahon G, Northstone K, Mandel Y, Kaiserman I, Stone RA, et al. Birth order and myopia. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2013; 20(6):375-84.

  6. Booth AL, Kee HJ. Birth Order Matters: The Effect of Family Size and Birth Order on Educational Attainment. J Popul Econ. 2009;22(2):367-97.

  7. Chaudhry R, Ali H, Sheikh NH. Frequency and underlying factors of myopia among medical students. Biomedica. 2011;27(2):154-60.

  8. Foster PJ, Jiang Y. Epidemiology of myopia. Eye (Lond). 2014;28(2):202‑8.

  9. Kurtz D, Hyman L, Gwiazda JE, Manny R, Dong LM, Wang Y, et al. Role of parental myopia in the progression of myopia and its interaction with treatment in COMET children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2007; 48(2):562‑70.

  10. Lim LT, Gong Y, Ah-Kee EY, Xiao G, Zhang X, Yu S. Impact of parental history of myopia on the development of myopia in mainland china school-aged children. Ophthalmol Eye Dis. 2014;6:31-5.

  11. Jacobsen N, Jensen H, Goldschmidt E. Does the level of physical activity in university students influence development and progression of myopia?--a 2-year prospective cohort study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2008;49(4):1322-7.

  12. Jin JX, Hua WJ, Jiang X, Wu XY, Yang JW, Gao GP, et al. Effect of outdoor activity on myopia onset and progression in school-aged children in northeast China: the Sujiatun Eye Care Study. BMC Ophthalmol. 2015;15:73.

  13. McKnight CM, Sherwin JC, Yazar S, Forward H, Tan AX, Hewitt AW, et al. Myopia in young adults is inversely related to an objective marker of ocular sun exposure: the Western Australian Raine cohort study. Am J Ophthal. 2014;158(5):1079-85.

  14. Jee D, Morgan IG, Kim EC. Inverse relationship between sleep duration and myopia. Acta Ophthalmol. 2015;94(3):e204-10.

  15. Rim TH, Kim SH, Lim KH, Kim HY, Baek SH. Body Stature as an Age-Dependent Risk Factor for Myopia in a South Korean Population. Semin Ophthalmol. 2017;32(3):326-36.

  16. Mirshahi A, Ponto KA, Hoehn R, Zwiener I, Zeller T, Lackner K, et al. Myopia and level of education: results from the Gutenberg Health Study. Ophthalmology. 2014;121(10):2047-52.

  17. Fernandez-Montero A, Olmo-Jimenez JM, Olmo N, Bes-Rastrollo M, Moreno- Galarraga L, Moreno-Montanes J, et al. The impact of computer use in myopia progression: a cohort study in Spain. Prev Med. 2015;71:67-71.

  18. Onal S, Toker E, Akingol Z, Arslan G, Ertan S, Turan C, et al. Refractive errors of medical students in Turkey: one year follow-up of refraction and biometry. Optom Vis Sci. 2007;84(3):175-80.

  19. Loman J, Quinn GE, Kamoun L, Ying GS, Maguire MG, Hudesman D, et al. Darkness and near work: myopia and its progression in third-year law students. Ophthalmology. 2002;109(5):1032-8.

  20. Lv L, Zhang Z. Pattern of myopia progression in Chinese medical students: a two-year follow-up study. Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie. 2013;251(1):163-8.

  21. Riegelman RK. Medical Student Myopia Syndrome: a recently recognized pan-epidemic. Am J Prev Med. 1991;7(4):252.

  22. Woo W, Lim K, Yang H, Lim X, Liew F, Lee Y, et al. Refractive errors in medical students in Singapore. Singapore Med J. 2004;45:470-4.

  23. Midelfart A, Aamo B, Sjohaug KA, Dysthe BE. Myopia among medical students in Norway. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1992;70(3):317-22.

  24. Mozolewska-Piotrowska K, Stepniewska J, Nawrocka J. [Frequency and incidence of myopia among medical students]. Klinika Oczna. 2005; 107(7-9):468-70.

  25. Akhanda AH, Quayum MA, Siddiqui NI, Hossain MM. Refractive status of medical students of mymensingh medical college. Mymensingh Med J. 2010;19(4):493-6.

  26. Al-Rashidi SH, Albahouth AA, Althwini WA, Alsohibani AA, Alnughaymishi AA, Alsaeed AA, et al. Prevalence Refractive Errors among Medical Students of Qassim University, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. Open Access Maced J Med Sci. 2018;6(5):940‑3.

  27. Dey AK, Chaudhuri SK, Jana S, Ganguly P, Ghorai S, Sarkar A. Prevalence of refractive errors in medical students. Int J Health Sci Res. 2014;4(8):98-102.

  28. Al–Rashidi SH, Albahouth AA, Althwini WA, Alsohibani AA, Alnughaymishi AA, Alsaeed AA, et al. Prevalence Refractive Errors among Medical Students of Qassim University, Saudi Arabia: Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study. Open Access Macedonian J Med Sci. 2018;6(5):940.

  29. Wang L, Du M, Yi H, Duan S, Guo W, Qin P, et al. Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Myopia in Inner Mongolia Medical Students in China, a cross-sectional study. BMC Ophthalmology. 2017;17(1):52.

  30. Halari MM, Halari CD, Adeiza OD, Calista IU, Ayotunde AH. Prevalence of Eye Defects Among Medical Students in Dominica. ASRJETS. 2016; 18(1):133-41.

  31. Arellano G, Chávez A, Arellano S, Chaves C. Estudio de la agudeza visual y problemas refractivos en estudiantes de medicina de la escuela superior politécnica de chimborazo 2013. SCientifica. 2014;12:25.

  32. Kinge B, Midelfart A, Jacobsen G, Rystad J. The influence of near-work on development of myopia among university students. A three-year longitudinal study among engineering students in Norway. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. 2000;78(1):26-9.

  33. Zhu X, Lin T, Stone RA, Laties AM. Sex differences in chick eye growth and experimental myopia. Exp Eye Res. 1995;61(2):173-9.

  34. Xie H, Mao X, Yang H, Xie Z, Pan Y, Gao Y. [Analysis on the relationship between adolescent myopia and serum sex hormone]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2014;94(17):1294-7.

  35. Hirsch MJ. Sex differences in the incidence of various grades of myopia. Am J Optom Arch Am Acad Optom. 1953;30(3):135-8.

  36. Rudnicka AR, Kapetanakis VV, Wathern AK, Logan NS, Gilmartin B, Whincup PH, et al. Global variations and time trends in the prevalence of childhood myopia, a systematic review and quantitative meta-analysis: implications for aetiology and early prevention. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100(7):882-90.

  37. Bar Dayan Y, Levin A, Morad Y, Grotto I, Ben-David R, Goldberg A, et al. The changing prevalence of myopia in young adults: a 13-year series of population- based prevalence surveys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005;46(8):2760-5.

  38. Mandel Y, Grotto I, El-Yaniv R, Belkin M, Israeli E, Polat U, et al. Season of birth, natural light, and myopia. Ophthalmology. 2008;115(4):686-92.

  39. Zylbermann R, Landau D, Berson D. The influence of study habits on myopia in Jewish teenagers. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1993;30(5):319-22.

  40. Morgan IG, Cotch MF. Birth order and myopia: what are the messages to readers? Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2013;20(6):333-4.

  41. Wenbo L, Congxia B, Hui L. Genetic and environmental-genetic interaction rules for the myopia based on a family exposed to risk from a myopic environment. Gene. 2017;626:305-8.

  42. Czepita D, Mojsa A, Ustianowska M, Czepita M, Lachowicz E. The effect of genetic factors on the occurrence of myopia. Klinika Oczna. 2011; 113(1-3):22-4.

  43. Feng CY, Huang XQ, Cheng XW, Wu RH, Lu F, Jin ZB. Mutational screening of SLC39A5, LEPREL1 and LRPAP1 in a cohort of 187 high myopia patients. Scientific Reports. 2017;7(1):1120.

  44. Jiang D, Li J, Xiao X, Li S, Jia X, Sun W, et al. Detection of mutations in LRPAP1, CTSH, LEPREL1, ZNF644, SLC39A5, and SCO2 in 298 families with early-onset high myopia by exome sequencing. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2014;56(1):339-45.

  45. Guo K, Yang da Y, Wang Y, Yang XR, Jing XX, Guo YY, et al. Prevalence of myopia in schoolchildren in Ejina: the Gobi Desert Children Eye Study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2015;56(3):1769-74.

  46. Battersby K, Koy L, Phillips N, Sim J, Wilk J, Schmid KL. Analysis of physical activity in emmetropic and myopic university students during semester and holiday periods: a pilot study. Clin Exper Optom. 2015; 98(6):547-54.

  47. Muhamedagic L, Alajbegovic-Halimic J, Muhamedagic B, Muracevic B. Relation between physical activity and myopia progression in student population.Med Glas (Zenica). 2013;10(2):385-90.

  48. Rudnicka AR, Owen CG, Richards M, Wadsworth ME, Strachan DP. Effect of breastfeeding and sociodemographic factors on visual outcome in childhood and adolescence. Am J of Clin Nutr. 2008;87(5):1392-9.

  49. Ku PW, Steptoe A, Lai YJ, Hu HY, Chu D, Yen YF, et al. The Associations between Near Visual Activity and Incident Myopia in Children: A Nationwide 4-Year Follow-up Study. Ophthalmology. 2019;126(2):214-20.

  50. Ip JM, Saw SM, Rose KA, Morgan IG, Kifley A, Wang JJ, et al. Role of near work in myopia: findings in a sample of Australian school children. Invest Ophthal Vis Sci. 2008;49(7):2903-10.

  51. Rosner M, Laor A, Belkin M. Myopia and stature: findings in a population of 106,926 males. Eur J Ophthalmol. 1995;5(1):1-6.

  52. Saw SM, Chua WH, Hong CY, Wu HM, Chia KS, Stone RA, et al. Height and its relationship to refraction and biometry parameters in Singapore Chinese children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2002;43(5):1408-13.

  53. Erna R, Husin S, Harahap DH, Randana MPC. Correlation between Body Mass Index and Myopia in Medical Student Universitas Sriwijaya Palembang Indonesia. J Res Med Dent Sci. 2017;5(6):30-2.

  54. Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Asharlous A, Soroush S, Yekta A, Dadbin N, et al. Cycloplegic autorefraction versus subjective refraction: the Tehran Eye Study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2016;100(8):1122-7.

  55. Fotouhi A, Morgan IG, Iribarren R, Khabazkhoob M, Hashemi H. Validity of noncycloplegic refraction in the assessment of refractive errors: the Tehran Eye Study. Acta Ophthalmologica. 2012;90(4):380-6.

  56. Mimouni M, Zoller L, Horowitz J, Wygnanski-Jaffe T, Morad Y, Mezer E. Cycloplegic autorefraction in young adults: is it mandatory? Graefe’s archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology. Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur Klinische und Experimentelle Ophthalmologie. 2016; 254(2):395‑8.

  57. Sanfilippo PG, Chu BS, Bigault O, Kearns LS, Boon MY, Young TL, et al. What is the appropriate age cut-off for cycloplegia in refraction? Acta Ophthalmologica. 2014;92(6):e458-62.

  58. Bai Y, Yi H, Zhang L, Shi Y, Ma X, Congdon N, et al. An investigation of vision problems and the vision care system in rural china. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2014;45(6):1464-73.

  59. Zadnik K, Mutti DO. Refractive error changes in law students. Am J Optom Physiol Opt. 1987;64(7):558-61.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com