Ramírez CIC, Santillán FMA, Arellano RB, Morales ÁF, Tenorio GVR

Idioma: Español/Inglés
Referencias bibliográficas: 48
Paginas: 191-196
Archivo PDF: 289.14 Kb.

RESUMEN

La excreción de M. bovis a través de aerosoles y la inhalación de éstos es la principal ruta de transmisión de la infección en el ganado bovino. Los métodos tradicionales empleados para la vigilancia de la eliminación del microorganismo por la vía nasal son el cultivo bacteriológico y el método radiométrico. Los métodos de biología molecular desarrollados recientemente han favorecido el diagnóstico rápido y confiable de las micobacterias. En el presente trabajo se utilizó la técnica de PCR-M a partir de ADN obtenido del moco nasal de 14 cabras infectadas experimentalmente, para establecer el tiempo en que puede detectarse el material genético de M. bovis en el moco nasal. Se tomaron muestras de moco nasal a diferentes intervalos posteriores al desafío y se realizó el cultivo bacteriológico y amplificación de ADN por PCR-M. Al día 60 posdesafío, la técnica de PCR-M detectó seis animales de los 14 positivos y al día 90, estos animales y cuatro más resultaron positivos. Ninguna muestra resultó positiva al cultivo bacteriológico. Se sabe que el aislamiento bacteriológico de micobacterias es difícil y que el número reducido de bacterias viables en cada muestra influye en el resultado del diagnóstico. En el presente trabajo se demostró la ventaja de utilizar la técnica de PCR-M para obtener resultados positivos en menor tiempo, lo cual es favorable para identificar pronto a los animales que representan un riesgo de contagio en el hato y que son reservorios de la enfermedad.

REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

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26. McIlroy SG, Neill SD, McCracken RM. Pulmonary lesions and Mycobacterium bovis excretion from the respiratoty tract of tuberculin reacting cattle. Vet Rec 1986; 718-721.

27. Payeur B, Jarnagin L, Marquardt G, Schaper A, Martín M. Manual of laboratory methods in veterinary mycobacteriology for the isolation and identification of Mycobacteria. Ames, Iowa: United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Veterinary Services. NSLV, 1993.

28. Collins DM, Radford AJ, de Lisle GW, Billman-Jacobe H. Diagnosis and epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis using molecular biological approaches. Vet Microbiol 1994; 40:83-94.

29. Mahairas GG, Sabo PJ, Hickey MJ, Singh DC, Stover CK. Molecular analysis of genetic differences between Mycobacterium bovis BCG and virulent M. bovis. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:1274-1282.

30. Talbot EA, Williams DL, Frothingham R. PCR identification of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. J Clin Microbiol 1997; 35:566-569.

31. Van-Soolingen D, de Haas P, Hermans P, Van Embden J. Manual for RFLP analysis of mycobacteria strains. The Netherlands: National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection. Bilthoven, 1989.

32. Kato-Maeda M, Small PM. How molecular epidemiology has changed what we know about tuberculosis. West J Med 2000; 172:256-259.

33. Collins DM, Erasmuson SK, Stephens DM, Yates GF, De Lisle GW. DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium bovis strains by restriction fragment analysis and hybridization with insertion elements IS1081 and IS6110. J Clin Microbiol 1993; 31:1143-1147.

34. Van-Soolingen D. Molecular epidemiology of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections: main methodologies and achievements. J Intern Med 2001; 249:1-26.

35. Durr PA, Hewinson RG, Clifton-Hadley RS. Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis. I. Mycobacterium bovis genotyping. Rev Sci Tech 2000; 19:675-688.

36. Durr PA, Clifton-Hadley RS, Hewinson RG. Molecular epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis. II. Applications of genotyping. Rev Sci Tech 2000; 19:689-701.

37. Thierry D, Brisson-Noel A, Vincent-Levy-Frebault V, Nguyen S, Guesdon JL, Gicquel B. Characterization of a Mycobacterium tuberculosis insertion sequence, IS6110, and its application in diagnosis. J Clin Microbiol 1990; 28:2668-2673.

38. Hatfull F, Jacobs W, Molecular Genetics of Mycobacteria. Washington DC: ASM PRESS, 2000.

39. Ratledge C, Dale J. Mycobacteria: Molecular Biology and Virulence. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 1999.

40. Young DB. Blueprint for the white plague. Nature 1998; 393:515-516.

41. Brosch R, Gordon SV, Pym A, Eiglmeier K, Garnier T, Cole ST. Comparative genomics of the mycobacteria. Int J Med Microbiol 2000; 290: 143-152.

42. Lantos A, Niemann S, Mezosi L, Sos E, Erdelyi K, David S et al. Pulmonary tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis subsp. caprae in captive Siberian tiger. Emerg Infect Dis 2003; 9: 1462-1464.

43. Suffys P, Vanderborght P, Pinto-Correa P. Inhibition of the Chain Reaction Samples from tuberculosis patients after processing using a Silica-guanidiniumthiocynate DNA isolation procedure. Memorias del Instituto Oswaldo Cruz; 2001 Noviembre 15-18; Rio de Janeiro; Brasil: Fundación Oswaldo Cruz. 2001; p. 1137-1139.

44. Menzies FD, Neill SD. Cattle-to-cattle transmission of bovine tuberculosis. Vet J 2000; 160:92-106.

45. Neill SD, O’Brien JJ, McCracken RM. Mycobacterium bovis in the anterior respiratory tracts in the heads of tuberculin-reacting cattle. Vet Rec 1988; 122: 184-186.

46. Ramirez CIC, Santillan FMA, Gonzalez V. The goat as an experimental ruminant model for tuberculosis infection. S Rumin Res 2003; 47:113-116.

47. Neill SD, Bryson DG, Pollock JM. Pathogenesis of tuberculosis in cattle. Tuberculosis 2001; 81:79-86.

48. Cavirani S, Fanti F, Conti S, Calderaro A, Foni E, Dettori G et al. Detection of Mycobacterium bovis in bovine tissue samples by the Abbott LCx Mycobacterium tuberculosis assay and comparison with culture methods. New Microbiol 1999; 22:343-349.