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2019, Número 2

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Invest Medicoquir 2019; 11 (2)


Sensibilidad cutánea a hongos ambientales y estudio de la micobiota nasal de pacientes con alergias respiratoria

Herrera BO, Paneque RI, Rodríguez CJS, Jiménez MM, Otero HL, Ruíz TN, Guedes VLY, Martínez AY, Suárez NNE, Linares LL

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 83
Paginas:
Archivo PDF: 542.88 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción. La presencia de hongos en las vías respiratorias puede provocar en personas susceptibles, diversas manifestaciones alérgicas. Se pretende analizar la distribución de las especies fúngicas aisladas de la mucosa nasal de pacientes alérgicos respiratorios y las pruebas cutáneas de alérgenos fúngicos, además de establecer la relación entre los hongos aislados y la sensibilidad a los mismos. Métodos. Pruebas cutáneas a hongos ambientales y cultivo de micobiota nasal. Estudio realizado a 186 pacientes alérgicos respiratorios. Resultados. Del total de pacientes con clínica de asma, rinitis o ambas, se obtuvieron pruebas cutáneas de Prick test positivas a hongos, en 135 de ellos (72,6 %) con una polisensibilización en 73 (54 %), siendo entre los alérgenos los de Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium notatum y Alternaria tenuis, la reactividad cruzada de mayor relevancia (59,6 %). El cultivo resultó positivo en 144 muestras nasales (77 %) para una coincidencia de 26 (18 %) en crecimientos de hongos ambientales. El género predominante fue Aspergillus spp. (47 %). Conclusiones. El estudio de la micobiota nasal es una prueba que debe interpretarse, junto con las pruebas cutáneas, para el diagnóstico de enfermedades alérgicas por hongos ambientales, teniendo en cuenta su importancia para el control epidemiológico en la exposición a hongos.


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