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2017, Número 1

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Enf Infec Microbiol 2017; 37 (1)


Biopelícula en Staphylococcus spp.: estructura, genética y control

Constanza ML, Pinilla G, Navarrete J

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 92
Paginas: 18-29
Archivo PDF: 563.28 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los Staphylococcus sp. son comensales humanos, algunas especies son patógenas, que tienen incrementada la expresión de una serie de factores de virulencia. Mediante un mecanismo de comunicación célula-célula denominada quorum sensing, favorece la regulación y formación de una biopelícula mediante tres pasos: en el primero la bacteria secreta una gran variedad de proteínas de superficie de adhesión celular; en la segunda los microorganismos se organizan en pequeños agregados hasta llegar a formar una matriz extracelular cuyo principal componente son los polisacáridos de adhesión intracelular (PIA); y por último, la diseminación y colonización del patógeno en nuevas superficies durante los procesos infecciosos. Esta estructura limita la difusión del antibiótico e incrementa la resistencia bacteriana de diez a mil veces más, por lo que se requieren altas dosis y durante tiempos prolongados de terapia antimicrobiana; en algunas ocasiones, el tratamiento falla por la persistencia de las infecciones asociadas a ésta. Nuevos compuestos tanto naturales, sintéticos o biológicos han sido enfocados para inhibir o impedir la formación de biopelícula.


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