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2017, Número 5

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Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2017; 55 (5)


Evaluación de factores de riesgo cardiovascular antes y después de cirugía bariátrica

Sánchez-Ruiz KL, Ferreira-Hermosillo A, Molina- Ayala MA, Ramírez-Rentería C, Mendoza-Zubieta V

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 32
Paginas: 556-567
Archivo PDF: 462.54 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: México posee una de las más altas prevalencias de obesidad severa en el mundo. La mortalidad por causas cardiovasculares en estos pacientes alcanza el 90%. Existen distintas escalas para valorar el riesgo, como la escala de Framingham que evalúa a 10 años, y la ASCVD10 que evalúa a 10 años y a lo largo de la vida. Ninguna se ha usado para evaluar el riesgo cardiovascular en mexicanos con obesidad severa antes y después de la cirugía bariátrica.
Métodos: se efectuó un estudio cuasiexperimental con 109 pacientes con obesidad severa, con evaluación antropométrica y bioquímica, antes y un año después de la cirugía bariátrica. Se obtuvo el puntaje de riesgo con las escalas de Framingham y ASCVD10.
Resultados: la mediana de edad fue 45.3 ± 10.1 años, 70% eran mujeres, en 79% se realizó bypass laparoscópico con Y de Roux. Hubo disminución de peso en cada evaluación posterior a la cirugía, independientemente del procedimiento, y mejoría en todos los parámetros bioquímicos. El riesgo evaluado por Framingham disminuyó de 9.4 a 5.9%, el porcentaje de pacientes de “alto riesgo” disminuyó de 25 a 11%; con respecto al riesgo evaluado por ASCVD10 se redujo de 4.1 a 2.5%, con porcentaje de pacientes de alto riesgo que disminuyó de 28 a 16%. El tabaquismo fue el mayor determinante de riesgo cardiovascular.
Conclusiones: el riesgo cardiovascular evaluado por ambas escalas disminuyó un año después de la cirugía bariátrica.


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