2018, Número 2
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Rev Neurol Neurocir Psiquiat 2018; 46 (2)
Consecuencias neuropsicológicas de la apnea obstructiva del sueño y efecto terapéutico de la presión positiva constante de la vía aérea en el rendimiento cognitivo
Lanzagorta N
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 45
Paginas: 52-57
Archivo PDF: 209.60 Kb.
RESUMEN
La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) es uno de los factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL) y demencia (perturbación progresiva de las facultades mentales). Durante los episodios de apnea-hipopnea ocurren cambios en el flujo sanguíneo cerebral, fragmentación del sueño y mecanismos moleculares que pueden afectar tanto la estructura del sistema nervioso central como el funcionamiento neuronal, causando así un deterioro en las funciones cognitivas. El presente estudio se llevó a cabo con el fin de revisar las principales funciones neuropsicológicas que se afectan en la AOS, como la atención, memoria, funciones ejecutivas, habilidades visomotrices, funciones motoras y lenguaje. Se llevó a cabo una revisión cualitativa de la literatura más relevante indizada en PubMed, Scopus y ScienceDirect durante los últimos 20 años. Con base en los hallazgos de dicha revisión puede concluirse que el tratamiento de la AOS con presión positiva constante de la vía aérea (CPAP) es una opción útil para mejorar tanto el funcionamiento global como el rendimiento en las habilidades cognitivas y retrasar la aparición de los síntomas de DCL y demencia en adultos.
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