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2006, Número 2

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Bioquimia 2006; 31 (2)


Detección e identificación de bacterias causantes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa

Rojas-Herrera RA, González-Flores T

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 68
Paginas: 69-76
Archivo PDF: 109.88 Kb.


RESUMEN

La lucha contra los microorganismos patógenos, causantes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos (ETA) requiere de procedimientos adecuados de inspección sanitaria, lo que ha llevado al desarrollo de métodos cada vez más rápidos y efectivos para la detección e identificación de bacterias nocivas en las áreas en las que la seguridad biológica es de mucha importancia. Las técnicas de identificación basadas en el cultivo y las características fenotípicas de las bacterias son laboriosas y pueden requerir varias semanas para obtener resultados, lo cual no resulta viable cuando se analizan alimentos perecederos como los lácteos y la carne fresca. La aplicación de métodos de detección independientes de cultivo, como la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) puede ayudar a resolver los problemas antes mencionados, aun cuando es necesario que estos métodos cuenten con una validación internacional. En el presente trabajo se revisa la utilidad, ventajas y desventajas de la PCR como herramienta para la detección e identificación de bacterias patógenas en muestras de alimentos, así como las nuevas tendencias en el uso de estas herramientas moleculares de diagnóstico y los esfuerzos actuales tendientes a su estandarización internacional.


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