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2018, Número S1

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Acta Pediatr Mex 2018; 39 (S1)


Tratamiento nutricional en pacientes con fibrosis quística

López-Mejía L, Vergara-Vázquez M, López-Olivan F, Bautista-Silva M, Guillén- López S

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 43
Paginas: 81-89
Archivo PDF: 464.13 Kb.


RESUMEN

La fibrosis quística es una enfermedad genética, de herencia autosómica recesiva, ocasionada por una mutación en el gen regulador de la conductancia transmembranal de la fibrosis quística (CFTR). La nutrición forma parte del tratamiento multidisciplinario y juega un papel fundamental porque el mantenimiento de un adecuado estado nutricional se relaciona con mayor supervivencia y mejor calidad de vida.
Como parte de la rutina a partir del momento del diagnóstico y a lo largo de toda la vida es necesaria la evaluación nutricional completa. La desnutrición es uno de los principales problemas de los pacientes con fibrosis quística; se asocia con tres factores: incremento de la demanda energética, disminución de la ingestión dietética y aumento de las pérdidas energéticas por malabsorción. El requerimiento de energía, proteína y lípidos es mayor en comparación con individuos sanos. Se recomienda la suplementación con vitaminas liposolubles, y la de otros micronutrimentos, como calcio, hierro y sodio. La prescripción de antioxidantes, ácidos grasos omega-3 y probióticos está en estudio. Puesto que 80-90% de los pacientes sufren insuficiencia pancreática exocrina es indispensable el reemplazo enzimático con dosis individualizadas de acuerdo con la edad, estado nutricional y signos clínicos.


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