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ISSN 0185-3252 (Impreso)
Revista de la Asociación Médica del Centro Médico ABC

2018, Número 4

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An Med Asoc Med Hosp ABC 2018; 63 (4)


Prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en el personal de salud en áreas críticas y su asociación con ansiedad y depresión

Rodríguez SAY, Díaz EA, Franco GJ, Aguirre SJ, Camarena AG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 43
Paginas: 246-254
Archivo PDF: 251.50 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: El síndrome de burnout es frecuente en áreas críticas, está compuesto por agotamiento, despersonalización y sentido de ineficacia. Objetivo: Determinar prevalencia del síndrome de burnout en personal de áreas críticas y evaluar subgrupos con ansiedad, depresión y factores secundarios involucrados. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal multicéntrico mediante cuestionario voluntario (datos demográficos, Maslach Burnout Inventory, escala de estrés percibido PSS y cuestionario de cuidado del paciente PHQ-9) de junio de 2017 a abril de 2018. Resultados: Se incluyeron 182 trabajadores, 57.7% mujeres, 72% solteros, 41.8% sostén económico, 15.9% enfermedades crónicas, 2.8% requiere inductores de sueño, 2.2% utiliza ansiolíticos, 25.3% abuso de sustancias (63% marihuana, 58.7% estimulantes, 27.7% abuso de alcohol). Se observó síndrome de burnout completo 46.2% e incompleto 18.1%. Depresión 74.2% y 34 personas con pensamientos suicidas. La depresión y el estrés se asociaron con síndrome de burnout completo. El análisis multivariado detectó asociación entre tener semanas de 80 horas de trabajo o más y eventos adversos [(OR = 2.52, IC 95% 1.10-5.58) y (OR = 2.40, IC 95% 1.27-4.54)]. Discusión: Los resultados coinciden con otras publicaciones que describen hasta 40% de síndrome de burnout en médicos, en 2016 se reportó que aproximadamente la mitad de los intensivistas adultos lo padecen. Se identificaron varias estrategias protectoras o de «adaptación» incorrectas utilizadas por parte del personal. Conclusiones: El síndrome de burnout deteriora la motivación del profesional de la salud, puede llevar a resultados negativos relacionados con la calidad del trabajo y presenta alta asociación con estrés y depresión; por lo tanto, es primordial tratar ambas condiciones de manera simultánea.


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