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ISSN 0016-3813 (Impreso)

2001, Número 2

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Gac Med Mex 2001; 137 (2)


Señales intracelulares que intervienen en el control de la glucosa.

Cruz M, Velasco E, Kumate J

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 62
Paginas: 135-146
Archivo PDF: 180.42 Kb.


RESUMEN

El evento inicial para el control de la glucosa principia con la unión de la insulina a su receptor. Como resultado de esta interacción, las cadenas α y β sufren cambios conformacionales y autofosforilación en la parte carboxilo terminal de la cadena β. Sólo en estas condiciones es posible que el sustrato del receptor de la insulina (IRS) se adose a la cadena β para fosforilarse. La activación del IRS permite que la PI 3-cinasa inicie otra serie de activaciones y asociaciones de proteínas que rodean a las vesículas que contienen a los transportadores de glucosa (GLUT). En la translocación del GLUT participan proteínas que se asocian a las vesículas y proteínas asociadas en la cara interna de la membrana plasmática. Lo anterior implica no solamente asociación, sino también movilización, participación de la red del citoesqueleto y fusión de las membranas. En el metabolismo de la glucosa participan enzimas que convierten la glucosa en energía o la almacenan en forma de glucógeno. En la diabetes tipo 2, enfermedad caracterizada por la falta de control de la glucosa y resistencia a la acción de la insulina, se presentan alteraciones múltiples como disminución en la expresión del receptor de la insulina en la membrana celular, disminución generalizada en la actividad de las fosfotirosinas y activación de las serinas del IRS-1 que disminuyen la señal. Aun cuando conocemos muchas de las funciones de las proteínas involucradas para el control de la glucosa, todavía no entendemos en términos moleculares el significado de la resistencia a la insulina en los pacientes con diabetes tipo 2.


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