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Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía

2018, Número 1

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Arch Neurocien 2018; 23 (1)


La cognición semántica y sus alteraciones en la demencia y afasia semántica

Ferrer-Aragón J, Patiño TVM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 83
Paginas: 39-49
Archivo PDF: 400.70 Kb.


RESUMEN

El estudio de la cognición semántica es una tarea relativamente nueva en el campo de las neurociencias. Su investigación sistemática comenzó hace unas décadas a partir de la publicación de los primeros trabajos que reportaron alteraciones selectivas del conocimiento semántico, lo que llevó a la formulación de diversos modelos teóricos. En este artículo se revisan los principales problemas e hipótesis acerca de la organización estructural y funcional de la cognición semántica desde un nuevo modelo denominado cognición semántica controlada, propuesto por Lambon Ralph, et. al. Asimismo, se analizan los principales hallazgos en los que se sustenta este modelo, obtenidos a partir de estudios neurofuncionales en sujetos neurológicamente sanos, así como de estudios neuropsicológicos en pacientes con demencia semántica y afasia semántica. Dicho análisis pueden constituir un aporte para una mayor comprensión de los mecanismos neurocognitivos de la cognición semántica en condiciones normales y patológicas.


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