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2017, Número 4

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Rev Educ Bioquimica 2017; 36 (4)


Los códigos genéticos mitocondriales: características, origen y evolución

Aguilar GK, Vilchis PA, Valdés LV

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 57
Paginas: 129-140
Archivo PDF: 638.45 Kb.


RESUMEN

La mitocondria, un organelo altamente especializado, presente en casi todas las células eucariontes, encargado principalmente de la producción de energía celular a través de fosforilación oxidativa y que además participa en diferentes procesos celulares, tiene como característica que presenta su propio genoma, cuya estructura, tamaño y contenido génico varía de especie a especie. Desde la descripción del primer genoma mitocondrial, se observó que existen organismos en los que se presentan variantes del código genético universal, las cuales asignan significados diferentes a ciertos codones. Hoy en día la lista de variantes ha ido en aumento, y en esta revisión se hace un análisis de las variantes mitocondriales encontradas hasta el momento y cómo estas son reconocidas por los sistemas de traducción de estos organelos. Adicionalmente, se analizan las diferentes hipótesis postuladas sobre cómo han surgido estas variantes.


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