medigraphic.com

2004, Número 3

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Rev Fac Med UNAM 2004; 47 (3)


Cáncer pulmonar (2ª parte)

Sánchez ES, Franco TR, Flores ALJ, Zepeda MA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 78
Paginas: 106-114
Archivo PDF: 56.41 Kb.


FRAGMENTO

Síndrome de secreción inapropiada de hormona antidiurética (SIHAD) El hallazgo más frecuente en los pacientes con CAP es la hiponatremia, éste es un signo común del carcinoma de células pequeñas, el cual es una causa de secreción ectópica de hormona antidiurética (HAD). Aproximadamente del 7 al 10% de las personas con carcinoma pulmonar de células pequeñas desarrollan SIHAD.50 Los hallazgos clínicos incluyen: alteraciones mentales, confusión, letargia y convulsiones. Más del 50% de los carcinomas de células pequeñas presentan niveles elevados de HAD, pero menos del 10% muestran la enfermedad aparente, a pesar de que la hiponatremia sea severa, sólo unos cuantos pacientes son sintomáticos en el momento del diagnóstico.40 En algunos pacientes también se produce ectópicamente el péptido auricular natriurético, lo cual contribuye al desarrollo de hiponatremia y su sintomatología.50-53


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Secretaría de Salud México; Mortalidad general y mortalidad general por sexos. 2000

  2. Secretaría de Salud México; Mortalidad hospitalaria según causa de defunción y grupos de edad, lista condensada por estados 2000.

  3. Medina F, Salazar M. Frecuencia y patrón cambiante del cáncer pulmonar en México. Sal Pub Méx 2000; 42: 333-336.

  4. Medina F, Barrera R, Morales J, Echegoyen R, Chavarría J, Rébora F. Primary lung cancer in Mexico city: a report of 1,019 cases. Lung Cancer 1996; 14: 185-193.

  5. Travis W. Pathology of lung cancer. Clin Chest Med 2002; 23: 65-81.

  6. American cancer society. Tobacco use. In American Cancer Society. Cancer facts & figures 2001. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society. 2001: 29-32.

  7. Bilello K, Murin S, Matthay R. Epidemiology, etiology and prevention of lung cancer. Clin Chest Med 2002; 23: 1-25.

  8. Stephen S. Cigarette smoking and lung cancer: chemical mechanisms and approaches to prevention. Lancet Oncol 2002; 3: 461-469.

  9. Hecht SS. Tobacco smoke carcinogens and lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999; 91: 1194-1210.

  10. Schuller H, McGavin M, Orloff M, Riechert A, Porter B. Simultaneous exposure to nicotine and hyperoxia causes tumors in hamsters. Lab invest 1995; 73: 448-56.

  11. Tang D, Phillips DH, Stampfer M et al. Association between carcinogen-DNA adducts in white blood cells and lung cancer risk in the physicians health study. Cancer Res 2001; 61: 6708-6712.

  12. Hanawalt PC. Controlling the efficiency of excision repair. Mutat Res 200; 485: 3-13.

  13. Memisoglu A, Samson L. Base excision repair in yeast and mammals. Mutat Res 2000; 451: 39-51.

  14. Norbury CJ, Hickson ID. Celular responses to DNA damage. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2001; 41: 367-401.

  15. Pegg AE. Repair of O6-alkylguanine by alkyltransferasas. Mutat Res 2000; 462: 83-100.

  16. Wei Q, Cheng L, Amos CL et al. Repair of tobacco carcinogen-induced DNA adducts and lung cancer risk: a molecular epidemiologic study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000; 92: 1764-1772.

  17. Chikako K, Akiko O, Taro S, Sanae F, Julian MH. Genetic polymorphisms and lung cancer susceptibility: a review. Lung Cancer 2002; 37: 241-256.

  18. Chen S, Xue K, Xu L, Ma G, Wu J. Polymorphisms of the CYP1A1 and GSTM1 genes in relation to individual susceptibility to lung carcinoma in Chinese population. Mutat Res 2001; 458: 41-47.

  19. Nakachi K, Imai K, Hayashi S, Kawajiri K. Polymorphisms of the CYP1A1 and glutathione S-transferase genes associated with susceptibility to lung cancer in relation to cigarette dose in a Japanese population. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 2994-2999.

  20. Hasset C, Aicher L, Sidhu JS, Omiecinski CJ. Human microsomal epoxide hydrolase: genetic polymorphism and functional expression in vitro amino acid variants. Hum Mol Genet 1994; 3: 421-428.

  21. Smith CA, Harrison DJ. Association between polymorphism in gene for microsomal epoxide hidrolase and susceptibility to emphysema. Lancet 1997; 105: s791-799.

  22. To-Figueras J, Gene M, Gomez-Catalan J et al. Lung cancer susceptibility in relation to combined polymorphism of microsomal epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase P1. Cancer Lett 2001; 173:155-162.

  23. London SJ, Smart J, Daly AK. Lung cancer risk in relation to genetic polymorphisms of microsomal epoxide hydrolase among african-americans and caucasians in Los Angeles County. Lung Cancer 2000; 28: 147-155.

  24. Persson I, Johansson I, Lou YC et al. Genetic polymorphism of xenobiotics metabolizing enzymes among chinese lung cancer patients. Int J Cancer 1999; 81: 325-329.

  25. Yin L, Pu, Liu TY et al. Genetic polymorphism of NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase, CYP1A1 and microsomal epoxide hydrolase and lung cancer risk in Nanjing, China. Lung Cancer 2001; 33: 133-141.

  26. Wu X, Gwyn K, Amos CI et al. The association of microsomal epoxide hydrolase polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in african-american and mexican-americans. Carcinogenesis 2001; 22: 923-928.

  27. Benhamou S, Reinikainen M, Bouchardy C et al. Association between lung cancer and microsomal epoxide hydrolase genotypes. Cancer Res 1998; 58: 5291-5293.

  28. Hunninghake GW, Gadek JE, Kawanami O et al. Inflammatory and immune processes in the human lung in health and disease: evaluation by bronchoalveolar lavage. Am J Pathol 1979; 97: 149-206.

  29. Le Marchand L, Seifried A, Lum A, Wilkens LR. Association of myeloperoxydase 463G a polymorphism with lung cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2000; 9:180-184.

  30. Cascorbi I, Henning S, Brockmoller J et al. Substantially reduced risk of the aerodigestive tract in subjects with variant-463A of the myeloperoxidase gene. Cancer Res 2000; 60: 644-649.

  31. Schabath MB, Spitz MR, Zhang X et al. Genetic variants of myeloperoxidase and lung cancer risk. Carcinogenesis 2000; 21: 1163-6.

  32. Misra RR, Tangrea JA, Virtamo J et al. Variation in the promoter region of the myeloperoxidase gene is not directly related to lung cancer risk among male smokers in Finland. Cancer Lett 2001; 164: 161-167.

  33. Halliwell B. Free radicals, antioxidants, and human disease: curiosity, cause, or consequence? Lancet 1994; 344: 721-724.

  34. Wang D, Kreutzer DA, Essigmann JM. Mutagenecity and repair of oxidative DNA damage: insights from studies using defined lesions. Mutat Res 1998; 400: 99-115.

  35. Wistuba IJ, Lam S, Behrens C et al. Molecular damage in the bronchial epithelium of current and former smokers. J Natl Cancer Inst 1997; 89: 1366-1372.

  36. Sekido Y, Fong KW, Minna JD. Progress in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of human lung cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 1998; 1378: F21-F59.

  37. Oliner JD. The role of p53 in cancer development. Sci Am 1994; Sept-Oct: 16-24.

  38. Robert C. Lung cancer: a review. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2002; 59: 611-642.

  39. Sarah B, Einat T, Nitsan M, Jonathn S. Cutaneous manifestations of internal malignancies. Clinics in dermatology 2001; 19: 290-297.

  40. Robert B, Peter M, Alejandro C. Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with bronchogenic carcinoma. Clin Chest Med 2002; 23: 257-64.

  41. Imura H, Matsukura S, Yamamoto H et al. Studies on ectopic ACTH-producing tumors: clinical and biochemic features of 30 cases. Cancer 1975; 35 (part2): 1430-1437

  42. Jex RK, van Heerden JA, Carpenter PC et al. Ectopic ACTH syndrome: diagnosis and therapeutic aspects. Am J Surg 1985; 149: 276-282.

  43. Stewart PM, Gibson S, Crosby SR et al. ACTH precursors characterize the ectopic ACTH syndrome. Clin Endocrinol-Oxford 1994; 40: 199-204.

  44. Collichio FA, Woolf PD, Brower M. Management of patients with small cell carcinoma and the syndrome of ectopic corticotrophin secretion. Cancer 1994; 73: 1361-1367.

  45. Delisle L, Boyer MJ, Warr D et al. Ectopic corticotrophin syndrome and small cell carcinoma of the lung: clinical features, outcome, and complications. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153: 746-752.

  46. Dimopoulos MA, Fernandez JF, Samaan NA et al. Paraneoplastic Cushing’s syndrome as an adverse prognostic factor in patients who die early with small cell lung cancer. Cancer 1992; 69: 66-71.

  47. Shepherd FA, Laskey J, Evans WK et al. Cushing’s syndrome associated with ectopic corticotrophin production and small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1992 10: 21-27.

  48. Winquist EW, Laskey J, Crump M et al. Ketoconazole in the management of paraneoplastic Cushing’s syndrome secondary to ectopic adrenocorticotrophin production. J Clin Ocol 1995; 13: 157-164.

  49. Graus F, Dalmau J, Rene R et al. Anti-Hu antibodies in patients with small-cell lung cancer: association with complete response to therapy and improved survival. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15: 2866-2872.

  50. List AF, Hainsworth JD, Davis BW et al. The syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) in small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1998; 4:1191-1198.

  51. Steinberg SM, Garrett Reilly JG et al. Atrial natriuretic factor and arginine vasopressin production in tumor cell lines from patients with lung cancer and their relationship to serum sodium. Cancer Res 1993; 53: 67-74.

  52. Marchioli CC, Graziano SL. Paraneoplastic syndromes associated with small cell lung cancer. Chest Surg Clin N Am 1997; 7: 65-80.

  53. Shimizu K, Nakano S, Nakano Y et al. Ectopic atrial natriuretic peptide production in small cell lung cancer with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion. Cancer 1991; 68: 2284-2288.

  54. Moseley JM, Kubota M, Diefenbach-Jagger H et al. Parathyroid hormone–related protein purified from a human lung cancer cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1987; 84: 5084-5052.

  55. Posner JB, Dalmau J. Paraneoplastic syndromes. Curr Opin Immunol 1997; 9: 723-729.

  56. Gultekin SH, Rosenfeld MR, Voltz R et al. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: Neurological symptoms, immunological findings, and tumor association in 50 patients. Brain 2000; 123: 1481-1494.

  57. Newman NJ, Bell IR, McKee AC. Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis: Neuropsychiatric presentation. Biol Psychiatry 1990; 27: 529-542.

  58. Bataller L, Graus F, Saiz A. Clinical outcome in adult onset idiopathic or paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus. Brain 2001; 124: 437-443.

  59. Lucchinetti CF, Kimmel DW, Lennon VA. Paraneoplastic and oncologic profiles of patients seropositive for type 1 antineuronal nuclear autoantibodies. Neurology 1998; 50: 652-657.

  60. Thirkill CE, Keltner JL, Tyler Nk et al. Antibody reactions with retina and cancer-associated antigens in 10 patients with cancer-associated retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 1993; 111: 931-937.

  61. Murphy MA, Thirkill CE, Hart WM. Paraneoplastic retinopathy: a novel autoantibody reaction associated with small cell lung carcinoma. J Neuroophthalmol 1997; 17: 77-83.

  62. O’Neill JH, Murray NM, Newsom-Davis J. The Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: a review of 50 cases. Brain 1988; 111: 577-596.

  63. Tim RW, Massey JM, Sanders DB. Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome: electrodiagnostic findings and response to treatment. Neurology 2000; 54: 2176-2178.

  64. Morris CS, Esiri MM, Marx A et al. Immunocytochemical characteristics of small cell lung carcinoma associated with the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Am J Pathol 1992; 140: 839-845.

  65. Travis WD. Pathology of lung cancer. Clin Chest Med 2002; 23: 65-81.

  66. Registro Histopatológico de Neoplasias en México. Morbilidad (trienio 1993-1995). Pág 63.

  67. Lam S, Kennedy T, Unger M et al. Localization of bronchial intraepithelial neoplastic lesions by fluorescence bronchoscopy. Chest 1998; 113: 696-702.

  68. Franco R, Stanislawski E, Barrios R, Oliva E, Fortoul T. Ultrastructural features in bronchiolo-alveolar carcinoma. With emphasis in the virus-like nuclear inclusions. Am Rev Resp Dis 1985; 131: A116.

  69. Lam S, Kennedy T, Unger M et al. Localization of bronchial intraepithelial neoplastic lesions by fluorescence bronchoscopy. Chest 1998; 113: 696-702.

  70. Clifon FM. Revision in the international system for staging lung cancer. Chest 1997; 111: 1710-1717.

  71. Schaake-Koning C, Van Den Boogaert W, Dalesio O et al. Effects of concomitant cisplatin and radiotherapy on inoperable non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 524-30.

  72. Jermic B, Shibamoto Y, Acimovic L et al. Hyperfractionated radiation therapy with or without concurrent low-dose daily carboplatin/etoposide for stage III non-small-cell lung cancer: a randomized study. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 1065-70.

  73. Ihde DC, Pfister DG, Baker S Jr et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15: 2996-3018.

  74. Lilenbaum RC, Langenberg P, Dickersin K. Single agent versus combination chemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma. A meta-analysis of response, toxicity, and survival. Cancer 1998; 82: 116-26.

  75. Langer CJ, Leighton JC, Comis RL et al. Paclitaxel and carboplatin in combination in the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a Phase II toxicity, response, and survival analysis. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13: 1860-70.

  76. Johnson DH, Paul DM, Hande KR et al. Paclitaxel plus carboplatin in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer: a Phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 1996; 14: 2054-60.

  77. Roskowski K, Pluzanska A, Krzakowski M et al. A multicenter, randomized, Phase III study of docetaxel plus best supportive care versus best supportive care in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic or non-resectable localized non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung Cancer 2000; 27: 145-57.

  78. Shepherd FA, Dancey J, Ramlau R et al. Prospective randomized trial of docetaxel versus best supportive care in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18: 2095-103




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com