medigraphic.com
ISSN 0016-3813 (Impreso)

2017, Número 5

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Gac Med Mex 2017; 153 (5)


Deterioro cognitivo en adultos mayores con VIH/sida y síndrome de fragilidad

Zamudio-Rodríguez A, Aguilar-Navarro S, Avila-Funes JA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 69
Paginas: 598-607
Archivo PDF: 262.82 Kb.


RESUMEN

En 2014, el 17% de los casos de infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) diagnosticados en los EE.UU. correspondieron a personas mayores de 50 años; de hecho, en un futuro próximo este grupo de población será el más afectado. Este cambio epidemiológico puede explicarse por el aumento de la incidencia de la infección por VIH en personas mayores de 50 años, y también por su mayor prevalencia debido a los avances en los tratamientos. A medida que la infección por el VIH se ha convertido en una enfermedad crónica, han surgido nuevos desafíos; por ejemplo, la aparición de manera temprana de «síndromes geriátricos», como la fragilidad, en estos pacientes. La fragilidad se refiere a un estado fisiológico de vulnerabilidad que aumenta el riesgo de resultados adversos relacionados con la salud. Los individuos frágiles tienen un mayor riesgo de deterioro cognitivo. Sin embargo, no se sabe si la fragilidad de aparición temprana en las personas infectadas por el VIH también podría aumentar el riesgo de deterioro cognitivo en esta población. El propósito de este artículo de revisión es describir, desde un punto de vista epidemiológico, la relación entre los cambios promovidos por el VIH y el síndrome de fragilidad en la función cognitiva.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Nguyen N, Holodniy M. HIV infection in the elderly. Clin Interv Aging. 2008;3:453-72.

  2. Bernstein L. The graying of HIV: 1 in 6 new U.S. cases are people older than 50. The Washington Post. 2016. Disponible en: www.washingtonpost com/national/health-science/the-graying-of-hiv-1-in-6-new-us-cases- are-people-older-than-50/2016/04/05/089cd9aa-f68a-11e5-8b23- 538270a1ca31_story.html.

  3. Deeks SG, Lewin SR, Havlir DV. The end of AIDS: HIV infection as a chronic disease. Lancet. 2013;382:1525-33.

  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - CDC (USA). Persons aged 50 and older. Disponible en: http://www.cdc gov/hiv/topics/over50/index.htm

  5. Abel T, Werner M. HIV risk behaviour of older persons. Eur J Public Health. 2003;13:350-2.

  6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). A DS among persons aged > or = 50 years - United States, 1991-1996. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1998;47:21-7.

  7. Guaraldi G, Orlando G, Zona S, et al. Premature age-related comorbidities among HIV-infected persons compared with the general population. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53:1120-6.

  8. Fried LP, Tangen CM, Walston J, et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2001;56:M146-56.

  9. Bergman H, Ferrucci L, Guralnik J, et al. Frailty: an emerging research and clinical paradigm - issues and controversies. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62:731-7.

  10. Manton KG. Dynamic paradigms for human mortality and aging. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 1999;54:B247-54.

  11. Hazleton JE, Berman JW, Eugenin EA. Novel mechanisms of CNS damage in HIV infection. HIV AIDS (Auckl). 2010;2:39-49.

  12. Clifford DB. HIV-associated neurocognitive disease continues in the antiretroviral era. Top HIV Med. 2008;2:94-8.

  13. Padilla L, Martin HO, Iguain JL. Anomalous diffusion with log-periodic modulation in a selected time interval. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys. 2011;83(2 Pt 1):020105.

  14. Shlipak MG, Fried LF, Crump C, et al. Elevations of inflammatory and procoagulant biomarkers in elderly persons with renal insufficiency. Circulation. 2003;107 87-92.

  15. Deeks SG. HIV infection, inflammation, immunosenescence, and aging. Ann Rev Med. 2011;62:141-55.

  16. Fellay J, Boubaker K, Ledergerber B, et al. Prevalence of adverse events associated with potent antiretroviral treatment: Swiss HIV Cohort Study. Lancet. 2001;358:1322-7.

  17. Reisler RB, Han C, Burman WJ, et al. Grade 4 events are as important as AIDS events in the era of HAART. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;34:379-86.

  18. May MT, Ingle SM. Life expectancy of HIV-positive adults: a review. Sex Health. 2011;8:526-33.

  19. Bendavid E, Ford N, Mills EJ. HIV and Africa’s elderly: the problems and possibilities. AIDS. 2012;26(Suppl 1):S85-91.

  20. Hasse B, Bernasconi E, Furrer H, et al. [HIV-associated non-A DS conditions]. Therapeutische Umschau Revue Therapeutique. 2014;71:483-9.

  21. Deeks SG, Phillips AN. HIV infection, antiretroviral treatment, ageing, and non-AIDS related morbidity. BMJ. 2009;338:a3172.

  22. Gleason LJ, Luque AE, Shah K. Polypharmacy in the HIV-infected older adult population. Clin Interv Aging. 2013;8:749-63.

  23. HIV in specific populations. HIV and aging. POZ. 2016, February 14. Disponible en: https://www.poz.com/basics/hiv-basics/hiv-aging

  24. Gill TM, Gahbauer EA, Allore HG. Transitions between frailty states among community-living older persons. Arch Intern Med. 2006;166:418‑23.

  25. Althoff KN, Jacobson LP, Cranston RD, et al. Age, comorbidities, and AIDS predict a frailty phenotype in men who have sex with men. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69:189-98.

  26. Desquilbet L, Jacobson LP, Fried LP, et al. HIV-1 infection is associated with an earlier occurrence of a phenotype related to frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2007;62:1279-86.

  27. Terzian AS, Holman S, Nathwani N, et al. Women’s Interagency HIV Study. Factors associated with preclinical disability and frailty among HIV-infected and HIV uninfected women in the era of cART. J Womens Health 2009;18:1965-74.

  28. Onen NF, Patel P, Baker J, et al. Frailty and pre-frailty in a contemporary cohort of HIV-infected adults. J Frailty Aging. 2014;3:158-65.

  29. Desquibet L, Margolick JB, Fried LP, et al. Relationship between a frailty-related phenotype and progressive deterioration of the immune system in HIV-infected men. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;50:299-306.

  30. Rees HC, Ianas V, McCracken P, et al. Measuring frailty in HIV-infected individuals. Identification of frail patients is the first step to amelioration and reversal of frailty. J Vis Exp. 2013;(77).

  31. Lee DH, Buth KJ, Martin BJ, et al. Frail patients are at increased risk for mortality and prolonged institutional care after cardiac surgery. Circulation. 2010;121:973-8.

  32. Woods NF, LaCroix AZ, Gray SL, et al. Frailty: emergence and consequences in women aged 65 and older in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53:1321-30.

  33. Avila-Funes JA, Helmer C, Amieva H, et al. Frailty among community- dwelling elderly people in France: the three-city study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008;63:1089-96.

  34. Avila-Funes JA, Amieva H, Barberger-Gateau P, et al. Cognitive impairment improves the predictive validity of the phenotype of frailty for adverse health outcomes: the three-city study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2009;57:453-61.

  35. Rodriguez-Manas L, El-Assar M, Vallejo S, et al. Endothelial dysfunction in aged humans is related with oxidative stress and vascular inflammation. Aging cell. 2009;8:226-38.

  36. Piette J, Piret B, Bonizzi G, et al. Multiple redox regulation in NF-kappaB transcription factor activation. Biol Chem. 1997;378:1237-45.

  37. Mitnitski AB, Mogilner AJ, Rockwood K. Accumulation of deficits as a proxy measure of aging. ScientificWorldJournal. 2001;1 323-36.

  38. Otassem S. Amer, Rania M. El Akkad, Heba S. Hassan Association of cognitive impairment with frailty in elderly: a cross-sectional study on communitydwelling non demented elderly referred to an outpatient geriatric service in Egypt. Indian Journal of Applied Research, Vol 5, Issue: 9 September 2015.

  39. Boyle PA, Buchman AS, Wilson RS, et al. Physical frailty is associated with incident mild cognitive impairment in community-based older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58:248-55.

  40. Samper-Ternent R, Al Snih S, Raji MA, et al. Relationship between frailty and cognitive decline in older Mexican Americans. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008;56:1845-52.

  41. Avila-Funes JA, Carcaillon L, Helmer C, et al. Is frailty a prodromal stage of vasculardementia? Results from the three-city study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60:1708-12.

  42. Solfrizzi V, Scafato E, Frisardi V, et al. Frailty syndrome and the risk of vasculardementia. The Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging. Alzheimers Dement. 2013;9:113-22.

  43. Avila-Funes JA, Meillon C, Gonzalez-Colaco Harmand M, et al. Association between frailty and carotid central structure changes: the Three-City Study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014;62:1906-11.

  44. Cody SL, Vance DE. The neurobiology of HIV and its impact on cognitive reserve: a review of cognitive interventions for an aging population. Neurobiol Dis. 2016;92(Pt B):144-56.

  45. Masliah E, DeTeresa RM, Mallory ME, et al. Changes in pathological findings at autopsy in AIDS cases for the last 15 years. AIDS. 2000;14:69-74.

  46. Thompson PM, Dutton RA, Hayashi KM, et al. Thinning of the cerebral cortex visualized in HIV/AIDS reflects CD4+ T lymphocyte decline. Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A. 2005;102:15647-52.

  47. Heaton RK, Marcotte TD, Mindt MR, et al. The impact of HIV-associated neuropsychological impairment on everyday functioning. J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2004;10 317-31.

  48. Pfefferbaum A, Rosenbloom MJ, Adalsteinsson E, et al. Diffusion tensor imaging with quantitative fibre tracking in HIV infection and alcoholism comorbidity: synergistic white matter damage. Brain. 2007;130(Pt 1):48-64.

  49. Watkins CC, Treisman GJ. Neuropsychiatric complications of aging with HIV. J Neurovirol. 2012;18:277-90.

  50. Wendelken LA, Valcour V. Impact of HIV and aging on neuropsychological function. J Neurovirol. 2012;18:256-63.

  51. Kaul M, Zheng J, Okamoto S, et al. HIV-1 infection and AIDS: consequences for the central nervous system. Cell Death and Differentiation. 2005;12(Suppl 1):878-92.

  52. Heaton RK, Clifford DB, Franklin DR, Jr., et al. HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders persist in the era of potent antiretroviral therapy: CHARTER Study. Neurology. 2010;75:2087-96.

  53. Schouten J, Cinque P, Gisslen M, et al. HIV-1 infection and cognitive impairment in the cART era: a review. A DS. 2011;25:561-75.

  54. Smith B Skolasky R SO, et al. Association of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder with frailty in HIV-1 seropositive men. 3rd International Workshop on HIV and Aging; 2012:5-6.

  55. Ruiz M, Cefalu C. Characteristics of frail patients in a geriatric-HIV program: the experience of an urban academic center at one year follow-up. J Int Assoc Physicians AIDS Care (Chic). 2011;10:138-43.

  56. Greene M, Valcour V. Geriatric syndromes in older HIV-infected adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2015;69:161-7.

  57. Antinori A, Arendt G, Becker JT, et al. Updated research nosology for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Neurology. 2007;69:1789-99.

  58. Junqué C, Jódar M. Velocidad de procesamiento cognitivo en el envejecimiento. Anales de Psicología 1990;6:199-207.

  59. Carlson MC, Hasher L, Zacks RT, et al. Aging, distraction, and the benefits of predictable location. Psychol Aging. 1995;10:427-36.

  60. Salthouse TA, Fristoe NM, Lineweaver TT, et al. Aging of attention: does the ability to divide decline? Memory and Cognition. 1995;23:59-71.

  61. Salthouse TA, Mitchell DRD, Skovronek E, et al. Effects of adult age and working memory on reasoning and spatial abilities. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1989;15:507-16.

  62. Kinugawa K, Schumm S, Pollina M, et al. Aging-related episodic memory decline: are emotions the key?; Front Behav Neurosci. 2013;7:2.

  63. Verhaeghen P, Salthouse TA. Meta-analyses of age-cognition relations in adulthood: estimates of linear and nonlinear age effects and structural models. Psychol Bull. 1997;122:231-49.

  64. Bowles NL, Poon LW. Aging and retrieval of words in semantic memory. J Gerontol. 1985;40:71-7.

  65. Macuco CR, Batistoni SS, Lopes A, et al. Mini-Mental State Examination performance in frail, pre-frail, and non-frail community dwelling older adults in Ermelino Matarazzo, São Paulo, Brazil. Int Psychogeriatr. 2012;24:1725-31.

  66. Langlois F, Vu TT, Kergoat MJ, et al. The multiple dimensions of frailty: physical capacity, cognition, and quality of life. Int Psychogeriatr. 2012;24:1429-36.

  67. Boyle PA, Buchman AS, Wilson RS, et al. Physical frailty is associated with incident mild cognitive impairment in community-based older persons. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58:248-55.

  68. Van Dyk KM. Attention in HIV (2015). CUNY Academic Works. Disponible en: http://academicworks.cuny edu/gc_etds/633

  69. García-Torres E, Vergara-Moragues A, Pinón-Blanco M, et al. Alteraciones neuropsicológicas en pacientes con VIH e historia previa de consumo de sustancias. Un estudio preliminar. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología. 2015;47:213-21.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com