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2017, Número 1

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Rev Cubana Estomatol 2017; 54 (1)


Microbiota de los ecosistemas de la cavidad bucal

Cruz QSM, Díaz SP, Arias SD, Mazón BGM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 57
Paginas: 84-99
Archivo PDF: 214.66 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: la cavidad bucal está compuesta de muchas superficies, cada una de ellas recubierta por una gran cantidad de bacterias, formando la biopelícula bacteriana. Algunas de estas bacterias han sido implicadas en enfermedades bucales como la caries y la periodontitis, que están entre las infecciones bacterianas más comunes en los seres humanos.
Objetivo: profundizar en el estudio de la microbiota de los ecosistemas de la cavidad bucal a partir de una revisión bibliográfica para mejorar la comprensión de las funciones de la microbiota oral.
Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de febrero a junio de 2016 sobre los principales microorganismos que forman parte de los diferentes ecosistemas de la cavidad bucal. Los criterios de inclusión en la búsqueda fueron: microbiota oral, flora normal de la cavidad bucal, microbioma oral, ecosistemas primarios y secundarios de la cavidad bucal, microorganismos comensales de la cavidad bucal. La revisión se realizó a través de los buscadores y plataformas HINARI, SciELO y MEDLINE. Se revisaron 49 revistas de impacto de la Web of Science relacionadas con el tema, el 91 % de la bibliografía correspondía a publicaciones realizadas durante los últimos 5 años.
Análisis e integración de la información: se realizó un análisis sobre la composición de la microbiota bucal de los diferentes ecosistemas de la cavidad bucal.
Conclusiones: el conocimiento de la microbiota bucal es una herramienta valiosa para la identificación correcta de las bacterias que están involucradas en complejas biopelículas bucales y nos permite entender mejor la patología bucal , hacer un diagnóstico efectivo y conocer si los cambios que predisponen a la enfermedad ocurren primero en el huésped o, por el contrario, a nivel microbiano.


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