medigraphic.com
ISSN 2448-8909 (Impreso)

2017, Número 4

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Med Crit 2017; 31 (4)


Síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda, 50 años después

Carrillo ER, Sánchez ZMJ, Medveczky ONI, Elizondo AS, Ramírez APM, Sánchez PH

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 85
Paginas: 246-254
Archivo PDF: 242.26 Kb.


RESUMEN

La condición clínica llamada síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria aguda es una entidad que se conoce desde antes de la Segunda Guerra Mundial; no obstante, no fue hasta el año de 1967 cuando el grupo del Dr. Ashbaugh describió una serie de 12 pacientes con las características clínicas e histológicas particulares a las que llamaron síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda. No sólo se describió por primera vez esta entidad clínica, sino que además el grupo del Dr. Ashbaugh hizo mención a la posibilidad del uso de esteroides y ventilación mecánica como probables pilares del tratamiento. Desde entonces y hasta la fecha los criterios diagnósticos, el tratamiento farmacológico, así como las técnicas de soporte mecánico ventilatorio han cambiado, pese a ello esta entidad clínica sigue siendo un reto terapéutico, ya que puede llegar a tener un alto índice de mortalidad, cerca de 40%. La finalidad de este texto es hacer un resumen de las aportaciones más significativas relacionadas con esta entidad en el marco de los 50 años de su descripción.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Brewer LA, Burbank B, Samson PC, Schiff CA. The “wet lung” in war casualties. Ann Surg. 1964;123:343-362.

  2. Ashbaugh DG, Bigelow DB, Petty TL, Levine BE. Acute respiratory distress in adults. Lancet. 1967;2:319-323.

  3. Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL, Carlet J, Falke K, Hudson, et al. The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;149:818-824.

  4. Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Thompson BT, Ferguson ND, Caldwell E, Fan E, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin definition. JAMA. 2012;307:2526-2533.

  5. Villar J, Pérez-Méndez L, Blanco J, Añón JM, Blanch L, Belda J, et al. Spanish Initiative for Epidemiology, Stratification, and Therapies for ARDS (SIESTA) Network. A universal definition of ARDS: the PaO2/FiO2 ratio under a standard ventilatory setting-a prospective, multicenter validation study. Intensive Care Med. 2013;39:583-592.

  6. Rezoagli E, Fumagalli R, Bellani G. Definition and epidemiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Ann Transl Med. 2017; 14: 282:290

  7. ARDS Definition Task Force, Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin definition. JAMA. 2012;307:2526-2533.

  8. Sorbo L, Ranieri VM, Ferguson ND. The Berlin definition me tour needs: yes. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42:643-647.

  9. Dreyfus D, Sauman G. Ventilator-induce lung injury. Lessons from experimental studies. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157:294-323.

  10. Hotchkiss JR, Simonson DA, Marek DM, Marini JJ, Dries MS. Pulmonary microvascular fracture in patient with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Crit Care Med. 2002;30:2368-2370.

  11. Ito Y, Veldhuizen RAW, Yao L, McCaig LA, Bartlett AJ, Lewis JF. Ventilation strategies affect surfactant aggregate conversions in acute lung injury. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997;155:493-499.

  12. Ranieri VM, Suter PM, Slutsky AS. Mechanical ventilation as mediator of multisystem organ failure in acute respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA. 2000;284:43-44.

  13. Stüber F, Wrigge F, Schroeder S, Wetegrove S, Zinserling J, Hoeft A. Kinetic and reversibility of mechanical ventilation associated pulmonary and systemic inflammatory response in patients with acute lung injury. Intensive Care Med. 2002;28:834-841.

  14. Torday JS, Rechan VK. Mechanotransduction determines the structure and function of lung and bone: a theoretical model for the pathophysiology of chronic disease. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2003;37:235-246.

  15. Vlahakis NE, Schroeder MA, Limper AH, Hubmayr RD. Stretch induces cytokine release by alveolar epithelial cells in vitro. Am J Physiol. 1999;277:167-173.

  16. Vlahakis NE, Hubmayr RD. Cellular stress failure in ventilator-injured lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171:1328-1342.

  17. Dreyfuss D, Hubmayr R. What the concept of VILI has taught us about ARDS management. Intensive Care Med. 2016; 42:811-813.

  18. Richman PS, Spragg RG, Robertson B, Meritt TA, Curstedt T. The adult respiratory distress syndrome: first trials with surfactant replacement. Eur Respir J Suppl. 1989;3:109s-111s.

  19. Spragg RG, Gilliard N, Richman P, Smith RM, Hite RD, Pappert D, et al. Acute effects of a single dose of porcine surfactant on patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Chest. 1994;105:195-202.

  20. Weg JG, Balk RA, Tharatt S, Jenkinson SG, Shah JB, Zaccardelli D, et al. Safety and potential efficacy of an aerosolized surfactant in human sepsis induced adult respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA. 1994;272:1432-1438.

  21. Anzueto A, Baughman RP, Guntupalli KK, Weg JG, Wiedemann HP, Raventós AA, et al. Aerosolized surfactant in adults with sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1996; 334:1417-1421.

  22. Gregory TJ, Hite RD, Hicklin G. Dose escalation study of surfaxin delivered via bronchopulmonary segmental lavage (BPSL) in patients with ARDS. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167:A178.

  23. Spragg RG, Lewis JF, Wurst W, Häfner D, Baughman RP, Wewers MD, et al. Treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome with recombinant surfactant protein C surfactant. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2003;167:1562-1566.

  24. Spragg RG, Lewis JF, Walmrath HD, Johannigman J, Bellingan G, Laterre PF, Witte MC, Richards GA, et al. Effect of recombinant surfactant protein C-based surfactant on the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:884-892.

  25. Gattinoni L, Mascheroni D, Torresin A, Marcolin R, Fumagalli R, Vesconi S, et al. Morphological response to positive end expiratory pressure in acute respiratory failure. Computerized tomography study. Intensive Care Med. 1986;12:137-142.

  26. Gattinoni L, Pesenti A, Avalli L, , Rossi F, Bombino M. Pressure-volume curve of total respiratory system in acute respiratory failure. Computed tomographic scan study. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1987;136:730-736.

  27. Gattinoni L, Pesenti A. The concept of “baby lung”. Intensive Care Med. 2005;31:776-784.

  28. Tomashefski JF. Pulmonary pathology of acute respiratory distress síndrome. Clin Chest Med. 2000;21:435-466.

  29. Slutsky AS, Villar J, Pesenti A. Happy 50th birthday ARDS! Intensive Care Med. 2016;42:637-639.

  30. Cooke CR, Hudson LD, Rubenfeld DG. Predictors of hospital mortality in a population-based cohort of patients with acute lung injury. Crit Care Med. 2008;36:1412-1420.

  31. Ware LB. Prognostic determinants of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults: impact on Clinical trial design. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:217-222.

  32. Ranieri VM, Suter PM, Tortorella C, De Tullio R, Dayer JM, Brienza A, et al. Effect of mechanical ventilation on inflammatory mediators in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA. 1999;282:52-61.

  33. Fremont RD, Koyama T, Calfee CS, Wu W, Dossett LA, Bossert FR et al. Acute lung injury in patients with traumatic injuries: utility of a panel of biomarkers for diagnosis and pathogenesis. J Trauma. 2010;68:1121-1127.

  34. Brown RM, Semler MW, Zhao Z, Koyama T, Janz DR, May AK, et al. Plasma angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) improve diagnosis of ARDS compared to provider clinical assessment in adult trauma patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;191:A4417.

  35. Ware LB, Calfee CS. Biomarkers of ARDS: whats new? Intensive Care Med. 2016;42:797-799.

  36. Terpstra ML, Aman J, van Nieuw Amerongen GP, Groeneveld AB. Plasma biomarkers for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2014;42:691-700.

  37. Jabaudon M, Blondonnet R, Roszyk L, Bouvier D, Audard J, Clairefond G, et al. Soluble RAGE predicts impaired alveolar fluid clearance in acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015; doi: 10.1164/rccm.201501-0020OC.

  38. Calfee CS, Ware LB, Eisner MD, Parsons PE, Thompson BT, Wickersham N, et al. Plasma receptor for advanced glycation endproducts and clinical outcomes in acute lung injury. Thorax. 2008;63:1083-1089.

  39. Calfee CS, Janz DR, Bernard GR, May AK, Kangelaris KN, Matthay MA, et al. Distinct molecular phenotypes of direct vs indirect ards in singlecenter and multicenter studies. Chest. 2015;147:1539-1548.

  40. Gattinoni L, Caironi P, Carlesso E. How to ventilate patients with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2005;11:69-76.

  41. Lapinsky SE, Mehta S. Bench-to-bedside review: Recruitment and recruiting maneuvers. Crit Care. 2005;9:60-65.

  42. Suzumura EA, Amato MBP, Cavalcanti AB. Understanding recruitment maneuvers. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42:908-911.

  43. The acute respiratory distress syndrome network. Ventilation with lower tidal volume as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. NEJM. 2000;342:1301-1308.

  44. Gattinnoni L, Quintel M. Is mechanical ventilation a cure for ARDS? Intensive Care Med. 2016;42:916-917.

  45. Pelosi P, Goldner M, McKibben A, Adams A, Eccher G, Caironi P, et al. Recruitment and derecruitment during acute respiratory failure: an experimental study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;164:122-130.

  46. Gattinoni L, D’Andrea L, Pelosi P. Vitale G, Pesanti A, Fumigalli R. Regional Effects and mechanism of positive end expiratory pressure in early adult respiratory distress syndrome. JAMA. 1993;269:2122-2127.

  47. Hickling KG. The pressure-volume curve is greatly modified by recruitment: a mathematicalmodel of ARDS lungs. Am J Respire Crit Care Med. 1998;158:194-202.

  48. Amato MBP, Barbas CSV, Madeiros DM, Borges MR, Schettino GP, Lorenzi-Filho G, et al. Effect protective ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:347-354.

  49. Grasso S, Mascia L, Del Turco M, Malacarne P, Giunta F, Brochard L. et al. Effects of recruitment maneuvers in patients with acute respiratory syndrome ventilated with protective ventilatory strategy. Anesthesiology. 2002;96:795-802.

  50. Bernard GR, Luce JM, Sprung CL, Rinaldo JE, Tate RM, Sibbald WJ, et al. High-dose corticosteroids in patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:1565-1570.

  51. Meduri GU, Headley S, Golden E, Carson S, Umberger R, Kelso T, et al. Effect of prolonged methylprednisolone therapy in unresolving acute respiratory distress syndrome. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1998;280:159-165.

  52. Steinberg KP, Hudson LD, Goodman RB, Hough CL, Lanken PN, Hyzy R, et al. Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1671-1684.

  53. Leaver KS, Evans TN. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. BMJ. 2007;335:389-394.

  54. Bream-Rouwenhorst HR, Beltz EA, Ross MB, Moores KG. Recent developments in the management of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2008;65:29-36.

  55. Schuster KM, Alouidor R, Barquist ES. Nonventilatory interventions in the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Journal of Intensive Care Med. 2008;23:19-32.

  56. Bihari S, Baley M, Bersten AD. Steroids in ARDS: to be or not to be. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42:931-933.

  57. Meter JV, John P, Graham PL, Moran JL, George IA, Bersten A. Corticosteroids in the prevention and treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in adults: meta-analysis. BMJ. 2008;336:1006-1009.

  58. Brun-Buisson C, Richard JC, Mercat A, Thiébaut AC, Brochard L, et al. Early corticosteroids in severe influenza A/H1N1 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;1(183):1200-1206.

  59. Meduri GU, Bridges L, Shin MC, Marik PE, Siemieniuk RAC, Kocal M. Prolonged glucocorticoid treatment is associated with improved ARDS outcomes: analysis of individual patients data from four randomized trial and trial-level meta-analysis of the upsdated literature. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42:829-840.

  60. Kamp R, Sun X, Garcia JN. Making genomics functional: deciphering the genetics of acute lung injury. Proc Am Thorac Soc. 2008;5:348-353.

  61. Dudek SM, Garcia JG. Cytoskeletal regulation of pulmonary vascularpermeability. J Appl Physiol. 2001;91:1487-1500.

  62. Garcia JG, Davis HW, Patterson CE. Regulation of endothelial cell gapformation and barrier dysfunction: role of myosin light chain phosphorylation. J Cell Physiol. 1995;163:510-522.

  63. Garcia JG, Verin AD, Herenyiova M, English D. Adherent neutrophils activate endothelial myosin light chain kinase: role in transendothelial migration. J Appl Physiol. 1998;84:1817-1821.

  64. Gao L, Grant AV, Rafaels N, Stockton-Porter M, Watkins T, Gao P, et al. Polymorphisms in themyosin light chain kinase gene that confer risk of severe sepsis are associated with a lower risk of asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2007;119:1111-1118.

  65. Christie JD, Aplenc R, Li M, Lanken PN, Fuchs B, Albelda S, et al. Variation in the MYLK gene is associated with development of acute lung injury following major trauma. Crit Care Med. 2008;33:124-128.

  66. Carrillo ER, Contreras DV. Reclutamiento alveolar y decúbito prono para el manejo del síndrome de insuficiencia respiratoria. Med Int Mex. 2005;21:60-68.

  67. Guérin C, Reignier J, Richard JC, Beuret P, Gacouin A, Boulain T, et al. Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:2159-2168.

  68. Taccone P, Pesenti A, Latini R, Polli F, Vagginelli F, Mietto C, et al. Prone positioning in patients with moderate and severe acute respiratory distress syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2009;302:1977-1984.

  69. Papazian L, Forel JM, Gacouin A, Penot-Ragon C, Perrin G, Loundou A, et al. Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1107-1116.

  70. Zapol WM, Snider MT, Hill JD, Fallat RJ, Bartlett RH, Edmunds LH, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in severe acute respiratory failure. A randomized prospective study. JAMA. 1979;242:2193-2196.

  71. Fan E, Gattinoni L, Combes A, Schmidt M, Peek G, et al. Venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxigenation for acute respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42:712-724.

  72. Hemmila MR, Rowe SA, Boules TN, Miskulin J, McGillicuddy JW, Schuerer DJ, Haft JW, et al. Extracorporeal life support for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults. Ann Surg. 2004;240:595-605.

  73. Linden V, Palmer K, Reinhard J, Westman R, Ehrén H, Granholm T, et al. High survival in adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome treated by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, minimal sedation, and pressure supported ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 2000;26:1630-1637.

  74. Mols G, Loop T, Geiger K, Farthmann E, Benzing A. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a ten-year experience. Am J Surg. 2000;180:144-154.

  75. Peek GJ, Mugford M, Tiruvoipati R, Wilson A, Allen E, Thalanany MM, et al. Efficacy and economic assessment of conventional ventilatory support versus extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe adult respiratory failure (CESAR): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2009;374:1351-1363.

  76. Horie S, Curley Gf, Laffey JG. What’s newin cell therapies in ARDS? Intensive Care Med. 2016;42:779-782.

  77. Rojas M, Cardenes N, Kocyildirim E, Tedrow JR, Cáceres E, Deans R, et al. Human adult bone marrowderived stem cells decrease severity of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in sheep. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2014;5:42-49.

  78. Devaney J, Horie S, Masterson C, Elliman S2, Barry F3, O’Brien T, et al. Human mesenchymal stromal cells decrease the severity of acute lung injury induced by E. coli in the rat. Thorax. 2015;70:625-635.

  79. Hayes M, Masterson C, Devaney J, Barry F, Elliman S, O’Brien T, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of human mesenchymal stromal cells in the repair of established ventilator-induced lung injury in the rat. Anesthesiology. 2015;122:363-373.

  80. Asmussen S, Ito H, Traber DL, Lee JW2, Cox RA1, Hawkins HK, et al. Human mesenchymal stem cells reduce the severity of acute lung injury in a sheep model of bacterial pneumonia. Thorax. 2014;69:819-825.

  81. Fang X, Abbott J, Cheng L, Colby JK3, Lee JW4, Levy BD, et al. Human mesenchymal stem (stromal) cells promote the resolution of acute lung injury in part through lipoxin A4. J Immunol. 2015;1953:875-881.

  82. Gennai S, Monsel A, Hao Q, Park J, Matthay MA, Lee JW. Microvesicles derived from human mesenchymal stem cells restore alveolar fluid clearance in human lungs rejected for transplantation. Am J Transplant. 2015;15:2404-2412.

  83. Gazdhar A, Grad I, Tamo L, Gugger M, Feki A, Geiser T. The secretome of induced pluripotent stem cells reduces lung fibrosis in part by hepatocyte growth factor. Stem Cell Res Ther. 2014;56:123-128.

  84. Hao Q, Zhu YG, Monsel A, Gennai S, Lee T, Xu F, et al. Study of bone marrow and embryonic stem cell-derived human mesenchymal stem cells for treatment of Escherichia coli endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in mice. Stem Cells Transl Med. 2015;4:832-840.

  85. Huang SX, Islam MN, O’Neill J, Hu Z, Yang YG, Chen YW, et al. Efficient generation of lung and airway epithelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2014;32:84-91.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com