2016, Número 3
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Rev Cubana Hematol Inmunol Hemoter 2016; 32 (3)
Síndromes periódicos asociados a criopirina: etiopatogenia, características clínicas, diagnóstico y tratamiento
Sánchez SM, Marsán SV, Pino BD, Díaz DG, Macías AC
Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 83
Paginas: 325-339
Archivo PDF: 121.97 Kb.
RESUMEN
Los desórdenes autoinflamatorios monogénicos comprenden un grupo de
enfermedades caracterizadas por episodios recurrentes y espontáneos de fiebre e
inflamación sistémica, en ausencia de infección, autoanticuerpos o células T
específicas para antígenos propios (autorreactivas). Estas condiciones se deben a
mutaciones en genes que codifican para proteínas que son claves en la regulación de
la respuesta inflamatoria innata y se consideran como inmunodeficiencias primarias.
Las enfermedades que comprenden estos síndromes representan un espectro clínico
de diferentes mutaciones, con ganancia de función, de un gen denominado NLRP3 o
CIAS1 que codifica para la proteína criopirina, de ahí que estos desórdenes sean
también conocidos con el nombre de criopirinopatías. Dentro de estos se encuentran
los síndromes periódicos asociados a criopirina que incluyen tres enfermedades: el
síndrome autoinflamatorio familiar inducido por frío; el síndrome de Muckle-Wells y el
síndrome crónico, infantil, neurológico, cutáneo y articular. Clínicamente se
caracterizan por rash tipo urticariano, fiebre periódica, inflamación a nivel del sistema
nervioso central, artropatía, manifestaciones oculares y riesgo de amiloidosis como
complicación a largo plazo. La función clave de la criopirina en la liberación de la IL-β
sugiere el criterio racional de implementar terapias anti-IL-1 para el tratamiento de
estos síndromes. La administración de drogas como anakinra, canakinumab y rilonacept muestra un efecto marcado sobre el control de las manifestaciones
inflamatorias, clínicas y de los parámetros de laboratorio en estos síndromes. Se
describe la etiopatogenia de estas entidades, sus principales características clínicas, el
diagnóstico y el tratamiento.
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