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2016, Número 4

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Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd 2016; 35 (4)


Nanopartículas para materiales antibacterianos y aplicaciones del dióxido de titanio

Betancur HCP, Hernández MV, Buitrago SR

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 98
Paginas: 366-381
Archivo PDF: 329.98 Kb.


RESUMEN

La aparición constante de microorganismos multiresistentes (bacterias, virus, hongos), ha elevado el esfuerzo por la búsqueda de materiales antibacterianos, que sean efectivos para su aplicación en áreas tan diversas como la industria textil, alimentación animal, el tratamiento de aguas, industria médica, farmacéutica y cosmética. Es bien conocido que agentes antibacterianos inorgánicos tales como las nanopartículas de plata, de cobre, de óxido de zinc y de óxido de cobre, han atraído una atención especial a lo largo del tiempo, debido a su estabilidad y a que no presentan problemas de bioseguridad. Aun así, recién las nanopartículas de dióxido de titanio han venido ganando atención para aplicaciones biomédicas, dado que estas partículas se vuelven antibacteriales mediante un proceso de fotoactivación y presentan absorción de ciertas longitudes de onda que dependen de su fase inorgánica (anatasa, rutilo o brookita). No obstante, la actividad fotocatalítica del dióxido de titanio oscila en la región UV (ƛ › 387nm), y ello ha representado el mayor esfuerzo en investigación, en búsqueda de conseguir que el dióxido de titanio tenga función de autodesinfección en la región de luz visible, aumentándose así sus aplicaciones en la industria biomédica. En este artículo se realizó una revisión crítica de la literatura disponible, sobre el uso de nanopartículas para materiales antibacterianos y aplicaciones del dióxido de titanio, haciéndose énfasis en el mecanismo de acción de estas partículas con sistemas biológicos y posibles modificaciones para mejorar su actividad fotocatalítica mediante la interacción con luz visible.


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