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2016, Número 6

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Salud Mental 2016; 39 (6)


Traducción al español de la escala de adicción a los alimentos de Yale (Yale Food Addiction Scale) y su evaluación en una muestra de población mexicana. Análisis factorial

Valdés-Moreno MI, Rodríguez-Márquez MC, Cervantes-Navarrete JJ, Camarena B, de Gortari P

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 47
Paginas: 295-302
Archivo PDF: 182.30 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción La obesidad es la acumulación excesiva de grasa corporal, lo que condiciona una alta comorbilidad. El consumo descontrolado de alimentos hipercalóricos es causa de su desarrollo; ésta es una conducta de características similares a la de pacientes con adicción a sustancias. La escala de adicción a los alimentos, YFAS (Yale Food Addiction Scale), permite identificar a sujetos con conducta adictiva a los alimentos.
Objetivo Validar la escala YFAS en español en una muestra de población mexicana adulta.
Método La muestra de participantes (160) respondió a la encuesta en dos ocasiones, con un período de tres semanas entre cada aplicación. La pertinencia de un modelo factorial se corroboró con las pruebas de esfericidad de Bartlett y la medición del parámetro de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin.
Resultados El α de Cronbach = 0.7963 corroboró la consistencia interna de la escala. Para la confiabilidad se obtuvo el coeficiente de Spearman por la metodología test-retest, de r = 0.565, n = 96. La validación por convergencia, correlacionando con la escala para trastorno por atracón (Binge Eating Scale, BES) (r = 0.5868 p ≤ 0.0001; n = 157). Las pruebas de Bartlett (χ2 (300) = 1572.3, p ‹ 0.05) y Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO = 0.825) mostraron pertinencia del modelo factorial. Además, se correlacionaron los resultados de la YFAS con el índice de masa corporal (IMC) (r = 0.2843 p ≤ 0.001; n = 151).
Discusión y conclusión Esta versión de YFAS presentó propiedades psicométricas adecuadas y similares a las de la original y a otras de sus traducciones y adaptaciones. Se considera entonces con utilidad para la práctica asistencial y para estudios de investigación clínica en población mexicana.


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