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Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía

2016, Número 1

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Arch Neurocien 2016; 21 (1)


Interacción entre factores genéticosambientales y la epigénesis de la enfermedad de Parkinson

Gómez-Chavarín M, Torres-Ortiz MC, Perez-Soto G

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 73
Paginas: 32-44
Archivo PDF: 349.97 Kb.


RESUMEN

En esta revisión resumimos los avances recientes en la comprensión de la interacción entre factores genéticos y ambientales relacionados con la neurodegeneración en la enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). El descubrimiento de varios genes responsables de formas familiares, ha permitido una mejor comprensión de las vías moleculares implicadas en la degeneración neuronal selectiva en esta enfermedad. Sin embargo, la gran mayoría de los casos ocurre de forma esporádica, probablemente es el resultado de la interacción compleja entre gen y medio ambiente. Consideramos varios factores ambientales, entre ellos, plaguicidas, metales, lesiones en la cabeza, estilos de vida y hábitos dietéticos, que se han asociado con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad o incluso con su prevención o protección. Cientos de variantes genéticas han sido investigadas como posibles factores de riesgo para las formas esporádicas, pero los resultados son a menudo contradictorios, no repetidos o no concluyentes. Nuevos enfoques de investigación en salud ambiental están revelando que en un futuro podría químicamente inducirse cambios en la regulación génica, una vez ya entendida la susceptibilidad del epigenoma humano; principalmente a los efectos ambientales y dietéticos.


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