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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2005, Número 6

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2005; 6 (6)


Neurobioquímica y farmacología de los antipsicóticos atípicos

Salín-Pascual RJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 61
Paginas: 500-507
Archivo PDF: 71.34 Kb.


RESUMEN

El conocimiento de que además de la dopamina, hay otros sistemas de neurotransmisión que están afectados en la esquizofrenia, como es el caso de la serotonina y aminoácidos excitatorios, ha sido relevante para el desarrollo de nuevas moléculas antipsicóticas, sin efectos extrapiramidales, llamadas por tal razón atípicas. También el entender que la ocupación de menos del 70% de los receptores D2, en el estriado, es una característica de estas moléculas, con un antagonismo más potente por los receptores serotoninérgicos 5-HT2A, que sobre los dopaminérgicos D2. Nuevos medicamentos antipsicóticos atípicos, que modifican los llamados síntomas positivos y negativos de la esquizofrenia, se han desarrollado en los últimos 20 años; moléculas como la olanzapina, ziprasidona, aripiprazol, risperidona y quetiapina se describen. En la presente revisión se detallan los principales sistemas de neurotransmisión afectados por esos medicamentos, lo mismo que aspectos de farmacodinamia de estas moléculas.


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