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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2005, Número 5

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2005; 6 (5)


Neurotropismo del citomegalovirus

Jaramillo-Rangel G, Novak IS, Ortega-Martínez MG, Ramírez-Rodríguez C, Ancer-Rodríguez J, Trujillo JR

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 93
Paginas: 399-410
Archivo PDF: 215.72 Kb.


RESUMEN

El citomegalovirus humano (CMV) es un betaherpesviridae que pertenece a la familia de los herpesvirus. El CMV es un agente patógeno ampliamente distribuido en la naturaleza y altamente específico a cada especie, la cual puede causar infecciones primarias, latentes, crónicas y persistentes. En la infección latente, la supresión inmunológica puede reactivar al virus, resultando una gran variedad de síndromes clínicos incluyendo encefalitis, retinitis, pneumonitis, adrenalitis, pancreatitis y enterocolitis. La infección por CMV puede ser una infección oportunista fatal en pacientes con SIDA. En el sistema nervioso, el CMV causa principalmente encefalitis, mielitis, neuritis y retinitis. El uso del ganciclovir es efectivo en el tratamiento de infecciones por el CMV en el sistema nervioso. En esta revisión describimos un estudio sobre 24 pacientes con SIDA y encefalitis por CMV, y su respuesta al tratamiento con el uso del ganciclovir. En este artículo revisaremos además la biología molecular del CMV, los mecanismos neuropatogénicos del CMV, los adelantos más importantes en el diagnóstico de la infección del CMV. Además, analizaremos de manera general las perspectivas que se tienen en la investigación del CMV, específicamente en lo que se refiere a modelos experimentales y a las nuevas terapias.


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