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Coordinación General de Investigación de la Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición y la Dirección General de Sistemas e Informática de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

2016, Número 1

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Rev Salud Publica Nutr 2016; 15 (1)


Factores dietéticos y nutricionales en la prevención de la enfermedad de Alzheimer

González RLG, Palmeros EC, González MMT, Pérez ÁML, Gutiérrez LM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 60
Paginas: 27-37
Archivo PDF: 180.40 Kb.


RESUMEN

La prevalencia de la demencia incluyendo la enfermedad de Alzheimer ha aumentado de forma alarmante en los últimos años. La enfermedad de Alzheimer es uno de los problemas sociosanitarios más importantes actualmente y una de las principales causas de discapacidad y dependencia entre las personas mayores. Las causas que la originan no han sido del todo elucidadas. Algunos factores de riesgo que se asocian con la enfermedad de Alzheimer son factores genéticos, eventos vasculares, historia de traumatismo en la cabeza, estrés oxidativo, disminución de la producción de óxido nítrico a nivel endotelial, hiperhomocisteinemia, hipertensión, resistencia a la insulina, diabetes, hipercolesterolemia, obesidad, alteraciones hormonales, factores del estilo de vida y factores psicológicos. Dentro de los factores del estilo de vida, la alimentación tiene un papel esencial en la prevención y desarrollo de la enfermedad. El consumo de frutas, verduras, pescados, lácteos y derivados, frutos secos, vino tinto, aceite de oliva y té verde en cantidades adecuadas y la ingesta de ácidos grasos omega 3, folatos, vitamina A, E, C, D, B6 y B12, colina, magnesio y selenio pudieran ayudar a frenar el deterioro cognitivo y disminuir el riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad. De forma contraria, el exceso de la ingesta de energía, grasas saturadas y trans parece estar relacionado con el aumento del riesgo de desarrollar la enfermedad. Pese a toda la evidencia científica disponible, se requiere realizar más estudios sobre la relación entre los factores dietéticos y nutricionales y la prevención de la enfermedad de Alzheimer.


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