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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2005, Número 2

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2005; 6 (2)


Nosología y terapéutica de los programas contra las adicciones

Souza y Machorro M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 140
Paginas: 166-179
Archivo PDF: 138.72 Kb.


RESUMEN

La terapéutica antiadictiva es efectiva contra la patología adictiva, cuya estirpe multifacética e impacto multimodal requiere de varios recursos a la vez, pues ningún tratamiento es efectivo por sí mismo. La ostensible variación encontrada entre programas refleja abordajes, contenidos y efectividad distintos. La clasificación y el uso de una nosología para el paciente a partir de sus características sociodemográficas, psicopatología, tipología, patrón de consumo, severidad sindromática, etc., representan un esquema profesional que no necesariamente es asumido por quienes brindan manejo, subestimando así el estudio de la historia natural de la enfermedad y nivel de atención preventiva como predictores rehabilitatorios. El éxito terapéutico depende de las maniobras del postratamiento y éste se supedita a distintos factores promotores de adhesión (motivación, grado de involucro en el manejo y desempeño en la dinámica entre la institución, tipo de manejo, el paciente y la familia). Cuando el problema es visto como alteración crónica, la duración del tratamiento y su continuación (cinco años) es el elemento más benéfico cuya modificación demanda terapia ambulatoria, medicación y seguimiento continuado, con bases psicoterapéuticas. Tales acciones contextualizan la labor empática, de orientación, correctiva y de apoyo informativo, íntimamente vinculadas a la detección y combate el deseo-necesidad imperiosa de consumo. La eliminación de la recaída, el reforzamiento de la permanencia y la toma de conciencia, así como de la participación activa de los afectados, disminuyen las dificultades de manejo de los procesos crónicos, al amparo de la nosología vigente, que impulsa una atención humanitaria de calidad para los afectados.


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