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2016, Número 3

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Salud Mental 2016; 39 (3)


La salud mental en el paciente con obesidad en protocolo para cirugía bariátrica

Esquivias-Zavala H, Reséndiz-Barragán AM, García F, Elías-López D

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 82
Paginas: 165-173
Archivo PDF: 176.36 Kb.


RESUMEN

Antecedentes La asociación entre obesidad y psicopatología es bien conocida; sin embargo, la presencia de esta última en los pacientes con obesidad mórbida sometidos a cirugía bariátrica y su impacto en la pérdida de peso ha sido menos estudiado.
Objetivo Realizar una actualización sobre el panorama general de los trastornos psiquiátricos asociados con la obesidad mórbida, y el impacto de éstos sobre la pérdida de peso en pacientes bariátricos.
Método Se consultaron las bases de datos EBSCO Research Database y Pub- Med. Se seleccionaron los artículos publicados de 2011 a la fecha. Fueron utilizadas palabras clave relacionadas con el tema de estudio.
Resultados Los estudios revisados mostraron cinco entidades clínicas psicopatológicas con alta prevalencia en pacientes que se encuentran en protocolo de cirugía bariátrica: Depresión y ansiedad, trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad, trastornos de la conducta alimentaria, abuso de sustancias y algunas dimensiones de la personalidad. La presencia de estas condiciones se asoció a una menor pérdida de peso posterior al procedimiento quirúrgico.
Discusión y conclusión El impacto del trastorno por atracón y por abuso de sustancias en la pérdida de peso, posterior a la cirugía bariátrica, es controversial. La evaluación del paciente con obesidad candidato a cirugía bariátrica debe enfatizar, de acuerdo con la prevalencia de los trastornos reportados, la identificación de trastornos depresivos-ansiosos y del trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad.


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