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2016, Número 3

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Salud Mental 2016; 39 (3)


Psicopatología en el paciente con obesidad

Quintero J, Félix AMP, Banzo-Arguis C, Martínez de VSR, Barbudo E, Silveria B, Pérez-Templado LGJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 79
Paginas: 123-130
Archivo PDF: 169.95 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción En las dos últimas décadas se han multiplicado las publicaciones científicas que cuestionan la definición médica tradicional de la obesidad por haberse centrado en el tejido adiposo (menos inerte y más interconectado con los demás tejidos de lo que se pensaba), y en un modelo patogénico heredado del siglo XIX que reducía el problema a un mero desequilibrio entre la incorporación y el gasto de energía, todo ello vagamente modulado por factores que se analizaban como variables secundarias: psicosociales y neuroendocrinas.
Objetivo Relacionar la psicopatología y la obesidad, dando prioridad a los puntos de vista emocional y de comportamiento como focos para descomponer al grupo de obesos en perfiles emocional-conductuales que requerirían tratamientos diferenciales.
Método Se presentan datos descriptivos de los 180 primeros pacientes incluidos del programa de Estudio de los Aspectos Emocionales del Sobrepeso y la Obesidad del Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor en Madrid; se realizó una entrevista semi-estructurada y una batería de test psicométricos; se presentan datos descriptivos y un análisis de asociación entre Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y ansiedad o depresión.
Resultados La mayoría de los pacientes tienen alta puntuación en psicopatología; el 80.9% tenía sintomatología depresiva importante, el 56.39% tenía elevada ansiedad-rasgo, el 48.26% tenía elevada ansiedad-estado, el 24.4% cumplía criterios de trastorno por atracones y el 11.9% de bulimia nerviosa (BN); un 17.3% tenía criterios de trastorno por estrés postraumático.
Discusión y conclusión Nuestros resultados apoyan la asociación esencial entre obesidad y psicopatología.


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