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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2016, Número 2

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2016; 17 (2)


Distribución de neuropéptidos en el encéfalo humano

Duque-Díaz E, Rita-Gáfaro C, Bermúdez M

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 71-82
Archivo PDF: 253.20 Kb.


RESUMEN

El humano ha sido utilizado como modelo experimental con el fin de responder a varias preguntas de carácter científico relacionados con la neuroanatomía, neurofisiología, neurofarmacología, la neurología y la conducta. El encéfalo es el órgano en el que se encuentra la regulación de reflejos y mecanismos inconscientes (transmisión del dolor, cardiovascular, respiratoria, etc.). Estos mecanismos están mediados por sustancias químicas, tales como neuropéptidos, que son cadenas cortas de aminoácidos que se ha demostrado están ampliamente distribuidos en el sistema nervioso central y periférico, además de ejercer acciones fisiológicas actuando como neurotransmisores, neuromoduladores (acciones paracrinas y autocrinas) y neurohormonas. En los últimos treinta años, se ha incrementado el conocimiento sobre la distribución y función de los neuropéptidos en el sistema nervioso central de mamíferos (ratas, gatos, perros, alpacas, primates y humanos). Así, el objetivo de este trabajo se dirige a describir los datos más relevantes disponibles sobre los neuropéptidos en el encéfalo humano. Para ello se plantearán aspectos del encéfalo humano, tales como:
1. La distribución de los neuropéptidos en el tronco del encéfalo.
2. Las relaciones anatómicas entre los neuropéptidos.
3. Las funciones fisiológicas de los neuropéptidos.
4. La coexistencia de neuropéptidos.
5. Las investigaciones futuras sobre neuropéptidos.


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