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Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2005, Número 4

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salud publica mex 2005; 47 (4)


Serotipos prevalentes de Streptococcus pneumoniae colonizadores de nasofaringe, en niños del Distrito Federal

Solórzano-Santos F, Ortiz-Ocampo LA, Miranda-Novales MG, Echániz-Avilés G, Soto-Noguerón A, Guiscafré-Gallardo H

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 34
Paginas: 276-281
Archivo PDF: 121.74 Kb.


RESUMEN

Objetivo. Determinar frecuencia, serotipos y susceptibilidad a ocho antimicrobianos en Streptococcus pneumoniae aislados de la nasofaringe de una muestra representativa de niños menores de cinco años de edad residentes en el Distrito Federal. Material y métodos. Estudio transversal, hecho de febrero de 2002 a enero de 2003. Se incluyeron niños de 2 meses a 5 años. A los seleccionados se les tomó una muestra de exudado faríngeo con hisopo de alginato de calcio. Bajo técnicas ya establecidas se realizó identifiación, tipificación y susceptibilidad a ocho antimicrobianos de los aislamientos de S. pneumoniae. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva, prueba de Ji cuadrada y razón de momios (IC 95%) para los factores de riesgo. Resultados. Se estudiaron 573 niños. En 122/573 (21.4%) niños se aisló S. pneumoniae. Los serotipos más frecuentes fueron el 23F, 35, 19F, 11A y 15A; 46% de los serotipos encontrados no son cubiertos con la vacuna heptavalente. Se encontró 12% de susceptibilidad reducida a la penicilina, con 3% de cepas con alta resistencia; la resistencia a eritromicina fue ›30% y para trimetoprim-sulfametoxazol (TMP/SMX) ›40%. No hubo cepas resistentes a vancomicina, cefotaxima, amoxicilina-clavulanato, cloranfenicol o ampicilina. Conclusiones. El porcentaje de serotipos de S. pneumoniae en portadores nasofaríngeos no cubiertos por la vacuna heptavalente es alto, y la resistencia a macrólidos y TMP/SMX es elevada, lo que debe alertar al grupo médico.


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