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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2016, Número 1

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2016; 17 (1)


El cuadro neurocognitivo y neuropsiquiátrico de la enfermedad de Parkinson

Seubert-Ravelo AN, Yáñez-Téllez MG

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 65-75
Archivo PDF: 143.24 Kb.


RESUMEN

La enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) es considerada un trastorno del movimiento; sin embargo su concepción actual incluye una serie de síntomas no motores incluyendo alteraciones neurocognitivas y neuropsiquiátricas. La presente revisión tiene como objetivo brindar un panorama actualizado de los síntomas cognitivos y psiquiátricos asociados a la EP. El espectro de alteraciones cognitivas incluye el deterioro cognitivo leve y la demencia, mientras que las principales alteraciones psiquiátricas incluyen depresión, ansiedad, apatía, psicosis y trastornos del control de impulsos. La base neurobiológica de las alteraciones cognitivas y psiquiátricas en la EP involucra la disfunción de diversos circuitos cortico-subcorticales, así como diferentes sistemas de neurotransmisión, especialmente los sistemas monoaminérgicos y el sistema colinérgico. Las alteraciones cognitivas y psiquiátricas en la EP tienen un efecto detrimental importante, y en ocasiones mayor al de los síntomas motores, en la calidad de vida de los pacientes y sus cuidadores. Por otro lado, la presencia de estos síntomas hace el tratamiento de la EP más complejo, restringiendo en ocasiones las opciones terapéuticas; es por lo tanto relevante su oportuna identificación y manejo.


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