Lammoglia-Cobo MF, Lozano-Reyes R, García-Sandoval CD, Avilez-Bahena CM, Trejo-Reveles V, Muñoz-Soto RB, López-Camacho C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 59
Paginas: 116-128
Archivo PDF: 273.67 Kb.

RESUMEN

Las repeticiones palindrómicas cortas agrupadas y regularmente espaciadas (CRISPR, por sus siglas en inglés), junto con la endonucleasa Cas, forman el complejo CRISPR/Cas. Este sistema se descubrió como un mecanismo de defensa inmune presente en bacterias y arqueas, quienes incorporan ADN de patógenos, como bacteriófagos, entre secuencias palindrómicas repetidas y, posteriormente, generan un ARN llamado «ARNcr» al transcribirse. En caso de una segunda infección, el ARNcr acoplado con Cas reconoce el transcrito del patógeno y Cas degrada el ARNm de manera análoga al ARN de silenciamiento (ARNsi). Debido a su actividad como endonucleasa y capacidad de reconocimiento en secuencias específicas, el sistema CRISPR/Cas se ha aprovechado en la ingeniería genética para activar genes, reprimirlos, inducir mutaciones puntuales y cambiar secuencias mediante recombinación homóloga. CRISPR también se ha empleado para generar modelos murinos de enfermedades humanas y evaluar la fisiología celular mediante la activación o represión simultánea de diversos genes. En esta revisión se explica el funcionamiento del sistema CRISPR/Cas, se mencionan sus aplicaciones potenciales en terapia celular y genética, y se detallan las perspectivas a futuro de esta herramienta.

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