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ISSN 0016-3813 (Impreso)

2015, Número 6

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Gac Med Mex 2015; 151 (6)


Mecanismo de fototraducción de la melanopsina en las células ganglionares retinianas intrínsecamente fotosensibles (ipRGC)

Domínguez-Solís CA, Pérez-León JA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 64
Paginas: 764-776
Archivo PDF: 174.89 Kb.


RESUMEN

La melanopsina, presente en las ipRGC, es una proteína de membrana unida al cromóforo 11-cis-retinal que le permite responder a la luz mediante la vía de transducción característica de los receptores acoplados a las proteínas G. La secuencia de aminoácidos del fotopigmento es más semejante a las opsinas de los invertebrados que a las de los vertebrados. El mecanismo de fototraducción de las opsinas en los conos y bastones de los vertebrados se basa en su acoplamiento a la proteína G transducina, desencadenando una cascada de señalización que hiperpolariza a la membrana plasmática; en cambio, los fotorreceptores de los invertebrados activan la ruta de la proteína Gq, desembocando en la despolarización. Los estudios para dilucidar la fototraducción por melanopsina en expresión heteróloga, en la retina y en las células aisladas, indican la activación de la proteína Gq y la fosfolipasa Cβ, y la participación de un canal iónico de la familia de los canales iónicos receptores de potencial transitorio canónico (TRPC).
Las ipRGC forman el tracto retinohipotalámico, la aferencia retiniana al núcleo supraquiasmático (NSQ), lo que las convierte en responsables de fotosincronizar al regulador maestro de los ritmos circadianos. Revelar su mecanismo de fototraducción repercutiría en la terapéutica de los trastornos cronobiológicos, entre ellos algunos trastornos del ánimo.


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