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ISSN 1561-3011 (Digital)

2015, Número 2

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Rev Cubana Invest Bioméd 2015; 34 (2)


El sistema antioxidante del glutatión en la etiopatología de la disfunción nigro-estriatal

Díaz-Hung ML, González FME, Blanco LL

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 67
Paginas: 168-186
Archivo PDF: 328.15 Kb.


RESUMEN

La enfermedad de Parkinson es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa crónica que afecta a las personas de la tercera edad. En una minoría de los casos la enfermedad es de origen genético pero en el resto, la causa es idiopática. En este sentido, la acumulación de los radicales libres y la pérdida de la homeostasis del glutatión se han señalado como posibles agentes causales. El presente texto se propuso revisar las evidencias experimentales que apoyan la participación de los radicales libres y la pérdida de la homeostasis del glutatión en el comienzo y la progresión de la degeneración de la substantianigrapars compacta. El estrés oxidativo en la enfermedad de Parkinson´s puede estar relacionado con las propiedades prooxidantes intrínsecas de la dopamina y elevadas concentraciones de hierro en la substantianigrapars compacta, que promueven la oxidación de la dopamina y la generación de especies reactivas del oxígeno. Cualquier evento que desencadene estos mecanismos, genera un daño celular. La disminución del glutatión es una de las alteraciones bioquímicas más tempranas, detectadas en asociación con la enfermedad de Parkinson y se ha relacionado con la inhibición del complejo I de la cadena de transporte mitocondrial, daño oxidativo, activación glial, entre otros que favorecen la neurodegeneración. Estas evidencias sugieren la necesidad de mantener la homeostasis del glutatión en el sistema dopaminérgico y su vínculo con la etiología de la degeneración nigro-estriatal, lo que tiene una potencial aplicación en la práctica clínica.


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