medigraphic.com
Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2015, Número 1

<< Anterior Siguiente >>

Rev Mex Neuroci 2015; 16 (1)


La actividad onírica como “el nuevo camino real” a la conciencia

Salín-Pascual RJ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 94
Paginas: 90-114
Archivo PDF: 252.18 Kb.


RESUMEN

El estudio científico de la actividad onírica es posible en la actualidad desde la perspectiva de la neurociencia cognitiva, la neurofisiología y el aporte clínico de los enfermos neurológicos y psiquiátricos. Las ensoñaciones evaluadas desde una perspectiva evolutiva, proporcionan algunas explicaciones de su utilidad y del porque se han preservado en diferentes animales, incluyendo al homo sapiens. Desde esta perspectiva se propone un modelo de realidad virtual, en donde se despliegan en paralelo varios modelos para enfrentar las amenazas y peligros de la vida cotidiana. Algunas personas tienen un tipo de claridad de sus ensoñaciones que se ha denominado sueños lúcidos. Esta es una capacidad que se puede inducir y representa otra herramienta para el estudio de las ensoñaciones. En la actualidad se cuestiona que el modelo de activación- síntesis, en donde la activación de estructuras corticales por parte de los potenciales PGO (Ondas Ponto Genículo Occipitales), que se generan en el puente. La principal objeción a este modelo, es que no explican las ensoñaciones en la fase de sueño No-MOR. Finalmente alteraciones neurológicas como las lesiones en el tallo cerebral, no disminuyen o bloquean el sueño MOR, ni las ensoñaciones reportadas por los pacientes. Mientras que lesiones en las áreas de asociación parieto-temporo-occipital, si cancelan la generación de actividad onírica, sin que supriman el sueño MOR. Lo anterior a generado la propuesta de que la actividad mental que se conoce como soñar, sea un proceso en paralelo, pero independiente de la fase del dormir.


REFERENCIAS (EN ESTE ARTÍCULO)

  1. Blum HP. Freud’s private mini-monograph on his own dreams. A contribution to the celebration of the centenary of The interpretation of dreams. Int J Psychoanal. 2001;82(Pt 5):953-964.

  2. Snyder F. Toward an evolutionary theory of dreaming. Am J Psychiatry. 1966;123(2):121-142.

  3. Revonsuo A. The reinterpretation of dreams: an evolutionary hypothesis of the function of dreaming. Behav Brain Sci. 2000;23(6):877-901; discussion 904-1121.

  4. Dwyer R, Van de Castle RL, Pimm BA. Dreams as a multidimensional expression of PSI. Explore (NY). 2010;6(4):263-268.

  5. Marzano C, Ferrara M, Mauro F, Moroni F, Gorgoni M, Tempesta D, Cipolli C, De Gennaro L. Recalling and forgetting dreams: theta and alpha oscillations during sleep predict subsequent dream recall. J Neurosci. 2011;31(18):6674-6683.

  6. McNamara P, Auerbach S, Johnson P, Harris E, Doros G. Impact of REM sleep on distortions of selfconcept, mood and memory in depressed/anxious participants. J Affect Disord. 2010;122(3):198-207.

  7. Bray N. Sleep: Inducing lucid dreams. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2014;15(7):428.

  8. Sasaki Y. [Recent progress of neuroimaging studies on sleeping brain]. Brain Nerve. 2012;64(6):611- 619.

  9. Dement WC. History of sleep medicine. Neurol Clin. 2005;23(4):945-965, v.

  10. Rowley JT, Stickgold R, Hobson JA. Eyelid movements and mental activity at sleep onset. Conscious Cogn. 1998;7(1):67-84.

  11. Kales A, Hoedemaker FS, Jacobson A, Kales JD, Paulson MJ, Wilson TE. Mentation during sleep: REM and NREM recall reports. Percept Mot Skills. 1967;24(2):555-560.

  12. Llinas RR, Pare D. Of dreaming and wakefulness. Neuroscience. 1991;44(3):521-535.

  13. Siegel JM. REM sleep: a biological and psychological paradox. Sleep Med Rev. 2011;15(3):139-142.

  14. Hobson JA, Hoffman SA, Helfand R, Kostner D. Dream bizarreness and the activation-synthesis hypothesis. Hum Neurobiol. 1987;6(3):157-164.

  15. Kahn D, Stickgold R, Pace-Schott EF, Hobson JA. Dreaming and waking consciousness: a character recognition study. J Sleep Res. 2000;9(4):317-325.

  16. Hobson JA, Pace-Schott EF, Stickgold R. Dreaming and the brain: toward a cognitive neuroscience of conscious states. Behav Brain Sci. 2000;23(6):793-842; discussion 904-1121.

  17. Fosse R, Stickgold R, Hobson JA. The mind in REM sleep: reports of emotional experience. Sleep. 2001;24(8):947-955.

  18. Sastre JP, Jouvet M. [Oneiric behavior in cats]. Physiol Behav. 1979;22(5):979-989.

  19. Mahowald MW, Schenck CH. Rem sleep without atonia--from cats to humans. Arch Ital Biol. 2004;142(4):469-478.

  20. Jouvet M. [Periodic recycling of the central nervous system by dreaming during paradoxical sleep]. Union Med Can. 1988;118(3):220-226.

  21. Revonsuo A, Valli K. How to test the threat-simulation theory. Conscious Cogn. 2008;17(4):1292- 1296; discussion 1297-1301.

  22. McCarley RW, Hoffman E. REM sleep dreams and the activation-synthesis hypothesis. Am J Psychiatry. 1981;138(7):904-912.

  23. Fuster JM. Cortex and Mind: Unifying Cognition. Los Angeles: Oxford University Press; 2003.

  24. Valli K, Revonsuo A, Palkas O, Ismail KH, Ali KJ, Punamaki RL. The threat simulation theory of the evolutionary function of dreaming: Evidence from dreams of traumatized children. Conscious Cogn. 2005;14(1):188-218.

  25. Fox KC, Nijeboer S, Solomonova E, Domhoff GW, Christoff K. Dreaming as mind wandering: evidence from functional neuroimaging and first-person content reports. Front Hum Neurosci. 2013;7:412.

  26. Lee Kavanau J. Evolutionary approaches to understanding sleep. Sleep Med Rev. 2005;9(2):141-152.

  27. De Gennaro L, Marzano C, Cipolli C, Ferrara M. How we remember the stuff that dreams are made of: neurobiological approaches to the brain mechanisms of dream recall. Behav Brain Res. 2012;226(2):592-596.

  28. La Berge SP, Nagel LE, Dement WC, Zarcone VP, Jr. Lucid dreaming verified by volitional communication during REM sleep. Percept Mot Skills. 1981;52(3):727-732.

  29. Stumbrys T, Erlacher D, Schadlich M, Schredl M. Induction of lucid dreams: a systematic review of evidence. Conscious Cogn. 2012;21(3):1456-1475.

  30. Stoerig P. The neuroanatomy of phenomenal vision: a psychological perspective. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2001;929:176-194.

  31. Avery MC, Dutt N, Krichmar JL. Mechanisms underlying the basal forebrain enhancement of topdown and bottom-up attention. Eur J Neurosci. 2014;39(5):852-865.

  32. Saifullah M, Balkenius C, Jonsson A. A biologically based model for recognition of 2-D occluded patterns. Cogn Process. 2014;15(1):13-28.

  33. Deco G, Schurmann B. A neuro-cognitive visual system for object recognition based on testing of interactive attentional top-down hypotheses. Perception. 2000;29(10):1249-1264.

  34. Barrett D, McNamara P. Encyclopedia of sleep and dreams : the evolution, function, nature, and mysteries of slumber. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Greenwood; 2012.

  35. Wamsley EJ, Perry K, Djonlagic I, Reaven LB, Stickgold R. Cognitive replay of visuomotor learning at sleep onset: temporal dynamics and relationship to task performance. Sleep. 2010;33(1):59-68.

  36. Arnulf I. The ‘scanning hypothesis’ of rapid eye movements during REM sleep: a review of the evidence. Arch Ital Biol. 2011;149(4):367-382.

  37. Boeve BF. REM sleep behavior disorder: Updated review of the core features, the REM sleep behavior disorder-neurodegenerative disease association, evolving concepts, controversies, and future directions. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2010;1184:15-54.

  38. Windt JM, Noreika V. How to integrate dreaming into a general theory of consciousness--a critical review of existing positions and suggestions for future research. Conscious Cogn. 2011;20(4):1091- 1107.

  39. Sprenger A, Lappe-Osthege M, Talamo S, Gais S, Kimmig H, Helmchen C. Eye movements during REM sleep and imagination of visual scenes. Neuroreport. 2010;21(1):45-49.

  40. Masquelier T, Albantakis L, Deco G. The timing of vision - how neural processing links to different temporal dynamics. Front Psychol. 2011;2:151.

  41. Mazzetti M, Bellucci C, Mattarozzi K, Plazzi G, Tuozzi G, Cipolli C. REM-dreams recall in patients with narcolepsy-cataplexy. Brain Res Bull. 2010;81(1):133-140.

  42. Kavanau JL. Dream contents and failing memories. Arch Ital Biol. 2002;140(2):109-127.

  43. Giustino G. Memory in dreams. Int J Psychoanal. 2009;90(5):1057-1073.

  44. Oudiette D, Dealberto MJ, Uguccioni G, Golmard JL, Merino-Andreu M, Tafti M, Garma L, Schwartz S, Arnulf I. Dreaming without REM sleep. Conscious Cogn. 2012;21(3):1129-1140.

  45. Antrobus J. Dreaming: cognitive processes during cortical activation and high afferent thresholds. Psychol Rev. 1991;98(1):96-121.

  46. Foulkes D, Kerr NH. Point of view in nocturnal dreaming. Percept Mot Skills. 1994;78(2):690.

  47. Jus A, Jus K, Villeneuve A, Pires A, Lachance R, Fortier J, Villeneuve R. Studies on dream recall in chronic schizophrenic patients after prefrontal lobotomy. Biol Psychiatry. 1973;6(3):275-293.

  48. Solms M. Dreaming and REM sleep are controlled by different brain mechanisms. Behav Brain Sci. 2000;23(6):843-850; discussion 904-1121.

  49. Stumbrys T, Erlacher D, Schredl M. Testing the involvement of the prefrontal cortex in lucid dreaming: a tDCS study. Conscious Cogn. 2013;22(4):1214-1222.

  50. Meissner WW. The mind-brain relation and neuroscientific foundations: III. Brain and psychopathology, the split brain, and dreaming. Bull Menninger Clin. 2006;70(3):179-201.

  51. De Gennaro L, Cipolli C, Cherubini A, Assogna F, Cacciari C, Marzano C, Curcio G, Ferrara M, Caltagirone C, Spalletta G. Amygdala and hippocampus volumetry and diffusivity in relation to dreaming. Hum Brain Mapp. 2011;32(9):1458-1470.

  52. 52. Voss U, Tuin I, Schermelleh-Engel K, Hobson A. Waking and dreaming: related but structurally independent. Dream reports of congenitally paraplegic and deaf-mute persons. Conscious Cogn. 2011;20(3):673-687.

  53. Occhionero M, Cicogna PC. Autoscopic phenomena and one’s own body representation in dreams. Conscious Cogn. 2011;20(4):1009-1015.

  54. Cipolli C, Bolzani R, Tuozzi G, Fagioli I. Active processing of declarative knowledge during REMsleep dreaming. J Sleep Res. 2001;10(4):277-84.

  55. Dijk DJ. Sleep research: observing dreams and inducing hypnagogic images. J Sleep Res. 2012;21(1):1-2.

  56. Vertes RP. Memory consolidation in sleep; dream or reality. Neuron. 2004;44(1):135-48.

  57. Wamsley EJ, Tucker M, Payne JD, Benavides JA, Stickgold R. Dreaming of a learning task is associated with enhanced sleep-dependent memory consolidation. Curr Biol. 2010;20(9):850-55.

  58. Wamsley EJ, Stickgold R. Dreaming and offline memory processing. Curr Biol. 2010;20(23):R1010-13.

  59. Simon M. [Is it still the “royal way”? The dream as a junction of neurobiology and psychoanalysis]. Psychiatr Hung. 2011;26(6):378-92.

  60. Stickgold R, Hobson JA, Fosse R, Fosse M. Sleep, learning, and dreams: off-line memory reprocessing. Science. 2001;294(5544):1052-57.

  61. Empson J, Wang MB. Sleep and dreaming. 3rd ed. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire ; New York, N.Y.: Palgrave; 2002.

  62. Association AP. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. FIFTH EDITION ed; 2013.

  63. Lipper S, Edinger JD, Stein RM. Sleep disturbance and PTSD. Am J Psychiatry. 1989;146(12):1644-45.

  64. March JS. Sleep disturbance in PTSD. Am J Psychiatry. 1990;147(12):1697-98.

  65. Nadelson CC. Consequences of rape: clinical and treatment aspects. Psychother Psychosom. 1989;51(4):187-92.

  66. Nadorff MR, Nazem S, Fiske A. Insomnia symptoms, nightmares, and suicidal ideation in a college student sample. Sleep. 2011;34(1):93-8.

  67. Otte C, Lenoci M, Metzler T, Yehuda R, Marmar CR, Neylan TC. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and sleep in posttraumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2005;30(6):1173- 1180.

  68. Sher L. The concept of post-traumatic mood disorder. Med Hypotheses. 2005;65(2):205-10.

  69. Sher L. The concept of post-traumatic mood disorder and its implications for adolescent suicidal behavior. Minerva Pediatr. 2008;60(6):1393-99.

  70. Neylan TC, Metzler TJ, Schoenfeld FB, Weiss DS, Lenoci M, Best SR, Lipsey TL, Marmar CR. Fluvoxamine and sleep disturbances in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 2001;14(3):461-67.

  71. Neylan TC, Mueller SG, Wang Z, Metzler TJ, Lenoci M, Truran D, Marmar CR, Weiner MW, Schuff N. Insomnia severity is associated with a decreased volume of the CA3/dentate gyrus hippocampal subfield. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;68(5):494-96.

  72. Neylan TC, Otte C, Yehuda R, Marmar CR. Neuroendocrine regulation of sleep disturbances in PTSD. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006;1071:203-15.

  73. Maisuradze L, Lortkipanidze N, Eliozishvili M, Gvilia I, Darchia N. Posttraumatic stress disorder and insomnia development in individuals displaced from Shida Kartli, Georgia. Georgian Med News. 2010(180):64-9.

  74. Schoenfeld FB, Deviva JC, Manber R. Treatment of sleep disturbances in posttraumatic stress disorder: a review. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2012;49(5):729-52.

  75. Krakow B, Lowry C, Germain A, Gaddy L, Hollifield M, Koss M, Tandberg D, Johnston L, Melendrez D. A retrospective study on improvements in nightmares and post-traumatic stress disorder following treatment for co-morbid sleep-disordered breathing. J Psychosom Res. 2000;49(5):291-98.

  76. Raskind MA, Peskind ER, Kanter ED, Petrie EC, Radant A, Thompson CE, Dobie DJ, Hoff D, Rein RJ, Straits-Troster K, Thomas RG, McFall MM. Reduction of nightmares and other PTSD symptoms in combat veterans by prazosin: a placebo-controlled study. Am J Psychiatry. 2003;160(2):371-73.

  77. Mellman TA, David D, Kulick-Bell R, Hebding J, Nolan B. Sleep disturbance and its relationship to psychiatric morbidity after Hurricane Andrew. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152(11):1659-63.

  78. Mellman TA, Hipolito MM. Sleep disturbances in the aftermath of trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder. CNS Spectr. 2006;11(8):611-15.

  79. Mellman TA, Knorr BR, Pigeon WR, Leiter JC, Akay M. Heart rate variability during sleep and the early development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;55(9):953-56.

  80. Mellman TA, Kulick-Bell R, Ashlock LE, Nolan B. Sleep events among veterans with combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 1995;152(1):110-15.

  81. Mellman TA, Kumar A, Kulick-Bell R, Kumar M, Nolan B. Nocturnal/daytime urine noradrenergic measures and sleep in combat-related PTSD. Biol Psychiatry. 1995;38(3):174-179.

  82. Nielsen T, Levin R. Nightmares: a new neurocognitive model. Sleep Med Rev. 2007;11(4):295-10.

  83. McCarley RW. Mechanisms and models of REM sleep control. Arch Ital Biol. 2004;142(4):429-67.

  84. Hobson JA. Arrest of firing of aminergic neurones during REM sleep: implications for dream theory. Brain Res Bull. 1999;50(5-6):333-34.

  85. Mellman TA, Bustamante V, Fins AI, Pigeon WR, Nolan B. REM sleep and the early development of posttraumatic stress disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(10):1696-1701.

  86. Dierks MR, Jordan JK, Sheehan AH. Prazosin treatment of nightmares related to posttraumatic stress disorder. Ann Pharmacother. 2007;41(6):1013-17.

  87. Husain SA. Trauma, resiliency and recovery in children: lessons from the field. Psychiatr Danub. 2012;24 Suppl 3:S277-84.

  88. Hasler B, Germain A. Correlates and Treatments of Nightmares in Adults. Sleep Med Clin. 2009;4(4):507-517.

  89. Nielsen T, Powell RA, Kuiken D. Nightmare frequency is related to a propensity for mirror behaviors. Conscious Cogn. 2013;22(4):1181-88.

  90. Lapierre O, Montplaisir J. [Parasomnia]. Encephale. 1992;18(4):353-60.

  91. Roberts J, Lennings, C.J. Personality, psychopathology and nightmares in young people. Personality and Individual Differences 2006;41:11.

  92. Salin-Pascual RJ. [Hypocretins and adenosine in the regulation of sleep]. Rev Neurol. 2004;39(4):354-358.

  93. Pisko J, Pastorek L, Buskova J, Sonka K, Nevsimalova S. Nightmares in narcolepsy: underinvestigated symptom? Sleep Med. 2014;15(8):967-72.

  94. Lauterbach EC. The neuropsychiatry of Parkinson’s disease. Minerva Med. 2005;96(3):155-73.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com