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2011, Número 1

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Rev Esp Cienc Salud 2011; 14 (1)


Propiedades antioxidantes del agua reducida por electrólisis y del hidrógeno

Pérez-Hernández EG, Pedraza-Chaverri J

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 55
Paginas: 5-13
Archivo PDF: 76.83 Kb.


RESUMEN

El daño oxidante se define como el daño biomolecular causado por el ataque de las especies reactivas sobre los constituyentes de los organismos vivos. Este daño se ha asociado a la patogénesis de muchas enfermedades como Alzheimer, cáncer, diabetes, aterosclerosis y daño por isquemia-reperfusión, entre otras. De esta forma el empleo de antioxidantes para prevenir el daño ocasionado por el estrés oxidante es de gran importancia. Se ha demostrado que el agua reducida por electrólisis (ERW, de sus siglas en inglés) atenúa el estrés oxidante y el daño asociado a diversas patologías experimentales (e.g. diabetes y daño hepático) en pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis. El ERW se caracteriza por altas concentraciones de hidrógeno disuelto, bajas concentraciones de oxígeno disuelto, pH alcalino y un potencial de óxido reducción negativo. Tiene la capacidad de atrapar las siguientes especies reactivas: peróxido de hidrógeno, ácido hipocloroso, anión superóxido y radical hidroxilo. Las propiedades antioxidantes del ERW se le han atribuido al hidrógeno disuelto en la misma. De hecho, se han demostrado las propiedades antioxidantes y citoprotectoras del hidrógeno gaseoso o disuelto en soluciones acuosas en varios modelos experimentales (e.g. Alzheimer, Parkinson, reacciones de hipersensibilidad, rechazo al trasplante, aterosclerosis y daño hepático, renal, intestinal, pulmonar, cardíaco, neuronal, cognitivo y de la columna vertebral) y en pacientes con diabetes y síndrome metabólico. En estudios in vitro y en cultivos celulares se ha encontrado que el hidrógeno reduce selectivamente al radical hidroxilo y al anión peroxinitrito, que se encuentran entre las especies reactivas más citotóxicas. Las evidencias anteriores sugieren que el hidrógeno es otro gas con potencial terapéutico.


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